granting / granted that / admitting that / assuming that / presuming that / provided that等可用作连词吗
granting / granted that / admitting that / assuming that / presuming that / provided that等可用作连词吗
老师能详细讲讲那些已经连词化的,没有逻辑主语的非谓语分词吗?很多字典都查不到,比如 granting / granted that / admitting that / assuming that / presuming that / provided that。supposing that 似乎也可以suppose that 他们俩没区别吧?
为此,我们特请本站约作者陈穆嘉老师解答如下:
■granted (that) 用作连词的用法还是比较“新”的,查手头的词典,《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》(第6版)、《剑桥国际英语词典》、《柯林斯高阶英汉双解词典》等词典收录了其用法,但朗文系列的词典基本上还没收录 (granted that) 用作连词的用法(包括《朗文当代英语辞典》第4版等)。granted (that) 用作连词有三个用法,一是表示假设,二是表示让步,三是表示原因。如:
Granted this is true, you are still in the wrong. 这话即使真实,你仍然是错的。(摘自《薄冰高级英语语法》)
Granted (that) the story's true, what are you going to do about it? 假若这个报道是真的,你将采取什么行动呢?(摘自《剑桥高级英语词典》)
Granted that it is a simple test to perform, it should be easy to get results quickly. 因为这化验做起来简单,所以应该不难很快得出结果。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第6版)
■granting (that) 用作连词的用法还很少见,查手头的词典基本上查不到。
■admitting that 用作连词的用法也很少见,词典基本上没有收录,但有的语法上有所说明。如:
Admitting that he is naturally clever, we do not think he will make much improvement. as he pays no attention to his lessons. 他即使天资聪颖,我们也不认为他会有多大长进,因为他对功课不上心。(摘自《薄冰高级英语语法》)
■assuming that 用作连词时,主要表示假设。如:
Assuming your calculations are correct, we should travel northeast. 如果你的计算是对的,我们就该往东北方向走。(摘自《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》)
These two basic factors must continue to apply in the future, assuming that the country remains peaceful and politically stable. 假定这个国家仍旧太平并保持政治上的稳定,那么这两个基本因素必会在将来继续起作用。(摘自《柯林斯英语语法系列——连词》)
■presuming that
查《麦克米伦高阶英语词典》、《朗文当代英语词典》第4版、《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第4版、《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》第6版、《柯林斯高级英语词典》等手头10多本英语词典,均未查到presuming that用作连词的用法。
■provided that 用作连词时,主要表示假设(引导条件状语从句)。如:
She will go provided her friends can go also. 如果她的朋友们也能去,她也会去。(摘自《张道真英语语法》)
You may go, provided your homework is done. 你只要做完家庭作业就可以走。(摘自《美国传统英汉双解学习词典》)
We will go to the beach today provided that it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨我们今天就去海滨。(摘自《当代美国英语学习词典》)
You can camp here provided you leave no mess. 你们如果保持整洁的话,可以在这里宿营。(摘自《牛津实用英语语法》第4版)
注:providing (that) 也可用作连词,引导条件状语从句。如:
He may go with us provided [providing] he arrives in time. 他若及时到,就可以和我们一起走。(摘自《柯林斯英语语法系列——冠词》)
You can borrow my bike providing / provided you bring it back. 你可以借我的自行车,只要你还给我。(摘自《牛津英语用法指南)
I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expenses are paid. 假如为我负担费用, 我就同意去。(摘自《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》1989年第4版)
I will stay here provided [providing] the climate agrees with me. 如果这里的气候合适的话,我就待下来。(摘自《详解英文法》)
■supposing that 和suppose that 都可用作连词,引导条件状语从句,但此时它们相应的主句通常是疑问句。如:
Suppose [Supposing] (that) we miss the train, what shall we do? 假如我们误了火车,我们将怎么办?(摘自《朗文英语语法》)
Suppose [Supposing] you had ten million dollars, what would you like to do first? 假设你有一千万美金,你会先做什么? (摘自《详解英文法》)