使用被动语态的五种情况

使用被动语态的五种情况

被动语态的使用主要见于以下几种情况：

1. 语义的需要：当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by短语。如：

The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。(不知谁打破的)

They have been poorly paid.他们的工资太低。(没必要指出工资是谁付的)

2. 强调的需要：突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by短语。如：

The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了。(要突出的是“时间”)

These books are written especially for children.这些书是专门为孩子们写的。(强调的是“这些书”)

3. 交际的需要：为了使语言得体或圆滑等不愿意说出动作的执行者。如：

You are requested to make a speech at next meeting.请您在下次会议上作个发言。

It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人。

4. 修辞的需要：出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。如：

It is generally considered impolite to ask one’s age, salary, marriage, etc.. 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。

The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area. 这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。(因those的定语太长了，若用它作主语，主语与谓语就相距太远而显得句子松散。)

5. 语体的需要：在新闻报道中，为了表明报道的客观性而避免主观性的透露时。如：

A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event. 今天早晨高速公路上发生了一起车祸，三人丧生，伤员马上被送往了医院，并马上派了警察去处理这一事件。

另外，在科技论文中，常使用被动语态来强调客观事实。如：

When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 当天气足够冷时，水就会变成冰。

So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前为止，地球人已经几次拜访了月亮。