虚拟语气用法详解

(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将 were, should, had等词置于句首。如：

Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。

Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from www.hxen.net)。

(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：

I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。

But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。

Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。

(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。

①省略从句

He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。

You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。

②省略主句

If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。

If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。

二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气

1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为： should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略

She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。

He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。

(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如(from www.hxen.net)：

He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。

He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。

2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气

(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与 if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：

Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。

Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。

(2) 在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：

① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：

We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。

We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。

I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。

② may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：

You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from www.hxen.net)。

We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。

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