GRE杨鹏难句130句详解（13）

　　121、yet waizer’s argument，however deficient，does point to one of the most serious weak-nesses of capitalism-namely，that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who，no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards，often lack those　other qualities that evoke affection or admiration. （5）
　　然则，沃尔泽的论点，无论它不充分到何种地步，确实揭示了资本主义体制中最严重的一个弱点，即它将某一类人置于社会中的显赫地位置，这类人无论以怎样合法的方式获得了其物质报偿，却常常缺乏其它那些能唤起他人受戴和钦佩的品质。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、倒装
　　解释：第一个插入语however deficient 中的however在此不是转折连词，而是副词，等于no matter how，但是因为后面出现了no matter how，而作者又追求语言表述的多样性，所以作者在此使用了however deficient这样较为少见的(但在gre考试中多见)的语言。
　　尽管本句的插入语较多，第二个插入语很长，但是本句的真正难点在倒装上。破折号后面的部分是主句宾语的同位语从句，此从句中固定搭配bring a to b被倒装成了bring to ba。如果把这句话恢复成正常语序，则是it brings people who, no matter how legitimately they have earned their materiall rewards, often lask those other qualities that evoke affection or admiration to predominant positions in a society。很明显，这样的语序会显得头重脚轻。
　　意群训练：yet waizer’s argument，however deficient，does point to one of the most serious weak- nesses of capitalism-namely，that it brings to predominant positions in a society people who，no matter how legitimately they have earned their material rewards，often lack those　other qualities that evoke affection or admiration.
　　122、the appreciation of traditional oral american indian literature has been limited，hampered by poor translations and by the difficulty，even in the rare culturally sensitive and aesthetically satisfying translation，of completely conveying the original’s verse structure，tone，and syntax.（4 - ）对美国印第安人传统口头文学的欣赏，一直被质量低劣的翻译所限制和妨碍，并且即使是那种不可多得的既体现着文化敏感性，又在美学上令人满意的译作，也难以完全传递出原作的诗体结构、语调和句法。
　　注：the difficulty (….) of：括号中的是插入语
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
　　解释：本句的插入语不好对付，一来它的长度比较长，而且修饰层次多，内容也不甚好懂，二来这个插入语正好嵌在difficulty of的中间，割裂了句意。
　　意群训练：the appreciation of traditional oral american indian literature has been limited，hampered by poor translations and by the difficulty，even in the rare culturally sensitive and aesthetically satisfying translation，of completely conveying the original’s verse structure，tone，and syntax.
　　123、mores， which embodied each culture’s ideal principles for governing every citizen， were developed in the belief that the foundation of a community lies in the cultivation of individual powers to be placed in service to the community. （4+）“风俗习惯”，体现了每一文化制约每个公民的理想准则，它是在这种信仰中发展而来的，即一个社会的基础在于个人能力的培养，并将这些个人能力置于对社会的服务之中。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语、抽象词
　　解释：与前面的绝大多数句子相比，本句的结构算不上复杂。但是由于句意抽象，所以读到the cultivation of individuall powers to be placed in servicee to the comm.unity的时候容易读不懂，因为后面的这个不定式既有可能是修饰cultivation的，也有可能是修饰individual powers的。这里修饰的是后者。而且这里的individual powers to be placed in servicee to the comm.unity不应翻译成“individuall powers to serve the comm.unity”即可。此文强调这种individual power被置于一种位置、一种定位。当然这种细微的差别不一定会影响答题，但有时会对文章的理解产生影响。
　　意群训练：mores， which embodied each culture’s ideal principles for governing every citizen， were developed in the belief that the foundation of a community lies in the cultivation of individual powers to be placed in service to the community.
　　124、only in the case of　the february revolution do we lack　a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization. （5）
　　唯独在二月革命（the february revolution）这一情形中，我们缺乏一种有用的有关参加者的描述，而这一描述则有可能按照社会历史有关革命动员过程所教给我们的内容来勾画出这场革命的性质。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装、易淆指代
　　解释：句首虽有一个倒装，但是这种简单结构并不能给我们的读者带来大的影响；倒是主句宾语a useful descryiption of participants之后的定语从句that might characterize it中的两个易混指代及其后的状语in the light of给我们的理解造成了巨大的困难。
　　首先，that从句所修饰的不是participants，而是description。紧随其后的it指的则是前面的february revolution。判断这两点的惟一方法就是通过句子的意思，没有任何其他途径。后面的in the light of…是按照…、根据….的意思，其英文解释为from the point of view。后面的层层修饰虽然有一定的难度，但是我们已经在前面的句子中司空见惯，在此不多做解释。
　　意群训练：only in the case of　the february revolution do we lack　a useful description of participants that might characterize it in the light of what social history has taught us about the process of revolutionary mobilization.
　　125、as a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.（5）
　　作为一个结果，有两件事就变得很困难或者根本不可能，1、为一次成功的革命建立起一个详尽的并可信的关于参加者的描述；2、回答人们会问的、关于起义者的社会背景的甚至是最为基本的问题。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、倒装、省略
　　解释：主句的主语it是形式主语，其真正内容在后面的两个由or连接的并列的不定式中，前一个不定式中出现了一个大型倒装，to establish /for a successful revolution/ a comprehensivee and trustworthy picture of those who participated 的正常语序是to establish a comprehensivee and trustworthy picture(of those who participated)/for a successful revolution。对于类似的结构，读者如果按照笔者的要求认真地过前面的难句，训练到现在已经有所感觉。正确的现场感觉是这样：看到established之后没有出现宾语，而是直接出现表示目的的for，句意不完整，大脑就会根据前面训练得出的经验自动判断可能有倒装的结构；读者本人的反应就是隐隐觉得后面应该有established的具体内容。因为有这种预期，读到a comprehensivee and trustworthy picture的时候，正好可以把它与没有说完的established连在一起。
　　后面的不定式的宾语even the most basic questions之后有两个并列的宾语，第一个是省略了引导词的定语从句that one might pose，第二个分词修饰concerning the sociall origins of the insurgents。
　　意群训练：as a consequence, it may prove difficult or impossible to establish for a successful revolution a comprehensive and trustworthy picture of those who participated, or to answer even the most basic questions one might pose concerning the social origins of the insurgents.