GRE杨鹏难句130句详解（13）

　　126、anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when they attempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the norms that exist in a complex modern nation state composed of many disparate groups.（4）
　　当人类学家和其他人试图去描述一个小规模的同一性质（homogeneous）部落或村落的文化标准时，他们处在一种要坚实得多的基础上。相对而言，当他们着手从事这样一个艰巨的任务，即去揭示存在于一个复杂的、由许多彼此间毫无联系的群体所构成的现代单一民族的独立国家（nation-state）时，他们就具备一个同样坚实的基础。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰
　　解释：句子的结构拉得很长，主要原因是用来比较的两个when引导的状语从句都太长，句子的主干是anthroplogists are on much firmer ground/when…/than/when…/。结果more than的结构被长长的状语从句分隔得很远。
　　另外，第二个when 引导的从句中的宾语也很复杂，解释一个单词：nation-state指单一民族的国家。此单词的词义不必背下来。
　　解释：anthropologists and others are on much firmer ground when they attempt to describe the cultural norms for a small homogeneous tribe or village than when they undertake the formidable task of discovering the norms that exist in a complex modern nation state composed of many disparate groups.
　　127、the italian influence is likely, whatever valdez immediate source: the mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century spanish writer inspired by encounters with italian commedia dell’arte troupes on tour in spain.（4+）
　　不管v的直接来源是什么，意大利的影响都有可能存在：墨西哥的c戏剧本身就被认为来自于16世纪的西班牙作家的戏剧作品，而那些作家的灵感来自与他们与在西班牙巡回演出的意大利cd剧团的遭遇。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰
　　解释：本句的冒号以后的分句中的from 引导的状语的结构又是典型的层层修饰，再加上主句的内容，整个句子的意思很难理顺。到底是什么来自于什么？
　　意群训练：the italian influence is likely, whatever valdez immediate source: the mexican carpas themselves are said to have originated from the theater pieces of a sixteenth-century spanish writer inspired by encounters with italian commedia dell’arte troupes on tour in spain.
　　128、it has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativity that these chicano writers，whose english language works are sometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language that characterized their spanish-language works. 因此，一般而言，正是通过对口头文学创造性的强调，这些奇卡诺作家——其英语作品时常显得缺乏灵感——才得以发展一种强有力的和富于吸引力的语言，并以此构成了他们西班牙语作品的特征。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
　　解释：读者们阅读本句的时候一定感觉极其别扭。首先，我们尽管知道it has been …that..。这种结构是一种强调语气，但是it has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativeity that…看上去就极不舒服。当然从语法上讲这么说是可以的，可是我们确实很少见到it has been 和that之间插入这么多东西的说法。解释一下by way of的意思，就是通过什么样的方法、通过某种手段的意思。其英文释义为by the route of，同义词是via。
　　that以后的内容看上去更费劲，既有长插入语分开主谓，又有复杂修饰的宾语。本句之所以结构怪异，意思费解，其原因是作者为了强调这个口头文学的方法。否则，句子可以写得比较好懂:
　　thus, these chicano writers, whose english-language works are sometimes uninspired, developed the powerfull and arresting languagee that characterized their spanish-language works.generally by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativeity.
　　意群训练：it has thus generally been by way of the emphasis on oral literary creativity that these chicano writers，whose english language works are sometimes uninspired，developed the powerful and arresting language that characterized their spanish-language works.
　　129、to measure them properly，monitoring equipment would have to be laid out on a grid at intervals of at most 50 kilometers，with sensors at each grid point lowered deep in the ocean and kept there for many months.
　　为了恰当地测量它们，监测设备必须被设置在一网络上，彼此的间距最多为五十公里，位于每个网点的感应器沉放至海洋深处，并在许多个月中一直固定在那里。 (原书无此句)
　　130、this declaration，which was echoed in the text of the fourteenth amendment，was designed primarily to counter the supreme court’s ruling in dred scott v. sandford that black people in the united states could be denied citizenship. （3）
　　这一在第十四条修正案的文本中被复述的宣言，主要是旨在对抗最高法院在“dred scott诉sandford”一案中的判决，此判决裁定，在美国的黑人可被剥夺公民权。
　　难句类型：复杂修饰、插入语
　　解释：句中的两个插入语分别起到了两个有效的分割作用：第一个隔开了主句的主语和谓语；第二个分开了作状语的不定式中的宾语及其同位语从句。
　　意群训练：this declaration，which was echoed in the text of the fourteenth amendment，was designed primarily to counter the supreme court’s ruling in dred scott v. sandford that black people in the united states could be denied citizenship.