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GRE杨鹏难句130句详解(12)

2012-07-12来源:和谐英语

  111、perhaps he believed that he could not criticize american foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.(4-)他有可能相信,他不能够既批评美国的对外政策,同时又不危及到他从联邦政府那里已经获得的对民权运动的支持。
  难句类型:复杂修饰、正话反说(双重否定)
  解释:单从语言上来讲,这句话并不难,但是我们可发觉作者在句子中拐弯抹角的,双重否定的表达,想说的一定不是字面上的意思:这是一个标准的正话反说“他有可能相信,他不能够既批评美国的对外政策,同时又不危及到他从联邦政府那里已经获得的对民权运动的支持。”的实际意思就是:他可能相信,如果他批评美国的对外政策,就有可能会危及到(他从联邦政府那里已经获得的)对民权运动的支持。其实这是一个较为简单的思维转换,也是gre和gmat的阅读和逻辑中经常出现的表达方法。希望读者通过反复的训练,迅速习惯这种语言方式。
  意群训练:perhaps he believed that he could not criticize american foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.
  112、however, some broods possess a few snails of the opposing hand, and in predominantly sinistral broods, the incidence of dextrality is surprisingly high.(5)可是,一些窝中会有一些相反旋向的蜗牛,而且在主要是左旋的窝种,出现右旋的几率是令人惊奇的高。
  难句类型:正话反说(或暗含的强对比)
  解释:本句貌不惊人,实无难句之伟岸雄姿,然而不知在考试中难倒了多少英雄好汉,原文的表面意思简单至极,一些窝中会有一些相反旋向的蜗牛,在左旋为主的窝当中,出现右旋的几率是令人惊奇地高,关键是作者只是单纯地想说左旋窝的右旋几率吗?什么是高,是绝对值还是相对值?如果是相对值,那么是与什么相比呢?
  这么一提示,读者可能会发现作者的言外之意,作者的真实意图,是想将两种窝的情况做一个对比,把句子补全就是:在左旋窝中会出现右旋,右旋窝中有左旋,而左旋窝中的右旋数量远远高于右旋窝中的左旋数量,这篇文章对这句话出了一道题,答案就是右旋窝中的左旋数量少于左旋窝中的右旋数量。
  ets的出题者的语言表述常常像初恋中的腼腆少女,言语间闪烁其辞,留有余味。让我们的考生自己云猜想,恐怕不是出于羞涩;其真实用心和正确含义,关乎读者的考试成败,不可不察。
  意群训练:however, some broods possess a few snails of the opposing hand, and in predominantly sinistral broods, the incidence of dextrality is surprisingly high.
  113、in experiments,an injection of cytoplasm from dextral eggs changes the pattern of sinistral eggs,but an injection from sinistral eggs does not influence dextral eggs.
  在实验中,用取自右旋卵子的细胞质进行的注射,可改变左旋卵子的模式;用取自左旋卵子的细胞质进行的注射却不能影响到右旋卵子。
  难句类型:省略、易淆词
  解释:本句与上一句来自于同一篇文章,蜗牛的右旋与左旋,在阅读这篇文章的过程当中,所有同学都在竭尽全力地分清左、右的区别,然而这里的时候,ets的出题者终于突破了读者的心理防线,彻底地搞混了左右之间的关系。
  其实在这里之所以容易搞混,还有一个人为的重要原因,就是这句话使用了大量的省略;方中的changes the pattern of sinisteral eggs后面,实际上省略了一个to dextral,而最后的分句an injection from sinisteral eggs does not influencee dextral eggs,则是an injection of cytoplasm from sinisteral eggs does not influencee the pattern of dextral eggs的省略形式。
  意群训练:in experiments,an injection of cytoplasm from dextral eggs changes the pattern of sinistral eggs,but an injection from sinistral eggs does not influence dextral eggs.
  114、recently some scientists have concluded that meteorites found on earth and long believed to have a martian origin might actually have been blasted free of mars’s gravity by the impact on mars of other meteorites. (4+)
  最近,某些科学家得出结论认为,那些在地球上发现的并一直被相信源自火星的陨石(meteorite),实际上有可能是由于其它的陨石撞击火星而致使其被震离火星的重力作用范围。
  难句类型:复杂修饰
  解释:这个句子难就难在以that引导的宾语从句,从句中的主语是meteorites,修饰它的成分有两个,一个是found on earth,另一个是long believed to have a martian origin,两个冻死的成分之间以and 相连接。注意,这里不能把原句理解成是meteorites found on earth and meteorites long believed to have a martian origin的省略形式,这个表达是说有两种陨石,一种是地球上发现的,另一种来自于火星,原文所指的是同一批陨石的两个特征,发现于地球,来自于火星。
  句子最后的by the impact on mars of other meteorites读上云令人感到不舒服的原因,是the impact of other meteorites中的impact of 被修饰impact的on mars分隔开了。
  意群训练:recently some scientists have concluded that meteorites found on earth and long believed to have a martian origin might actually have been blasted free of mars’s gravity by the impact on mars of other meteorites.
  115、under the force of this view,it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action,it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action)to the status of being wholly condemned. (4)
  在这种观点的力量作用下,一件或许是不可避免的事情发生了:修辞艺术竟然从被视和具有让人怀疑的价值这样一种地位(因为尽管它有可能既构成一种歪曲真理的手段和误导行为的来源)转变到彻底遭谴责的地位。
  难句类型:插入语
  解释:本句的插入语堪称gre和gmat考试中最长的插入语之一。笔者曾在本书前面的讲解中强调过,这种插入语(三行以上)一定要在阅读中毫不犹豫地跳过,读完整个句子后再来读它。否则不但句意无法衔接,而且类似于本句中的from…to…的固定搭配,也会在插入语的干扰下远隔千山万水,在读者的大脑中永无聚首之日。
  意群训练:under the force of this view,it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth (because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action,it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action)to the status of being wholly condemned.