2012年09月01日雅思阅读机经[A类]
2012-09-08来源:和谐英语
| Reading Passage 2 | |
| Title: | Fossil Database 化石数据库 |
| Question types: | Multiple Choice True/False/Not Given Matching（人名观点） |
| 文章内容回顾 | 文章大意讲编纂整个生物资料的fossil database来预测第六次物种大灭绝的缺点和值得改进的地方，科学家们打算建一个关于所有有记录化石的数据库，有的人认为很好，有的人认为不好，因为数据不全。 接下来是各个科学家的观点，最后是建议建立一个有关living creature 的数据库。 |
| 英文原文阅读 | Fossils (from Latin fossus, literally "having been dug up") are the preserved remains or traces of animals (also known as zoolites), plants, and other organisms from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both discovered and undiscovered, and their placement in fossiliferous (fossil-containing) rock formations and sedimentary layers (strata) is known as the fossil record. The study of fossils across geological time, how they were formed, and the evolutionary relationships between taxa (phylogeny) are some of the most important functions of the science of paleontology. Such a preserved specimen is called a "fossil" if it is older than some minimum age, most often the arbitrary date of 10,000 years ago.[1] Hence, fossils range in age from the youngest at the start of the Holocene Epoch to the oldest from the Archaean Eon, up to 3.4 billion years old.[2][3] The observations that certain fossils were associated with certain rock strata led early geologists to recognize a geological timescale in the 19th century. The development of radiometric dating techniques in the early 20th century allowed geologists to determine the numerical or "absolute" age of the various strata and thereby the included fossils. Like extant organisms, fossils vary in size from microscopic, such as single bacterial cells[4] only one micrometer in diameter, to gigantic, such as dinosaurs and trees many meters long and weighing many tons. A fossil normally preserves only a portion of the deceased organism, usually that portion that was partially mineralized during life, such as the bones and teeth of vertebrates, or the chitinous or calcareous exoskeletons of invertebrates. Preservation of soft tissues is rare in the fossil record. Fossils may also consist of the marks left behind by the organism while it was alive, such as the footprint or feces (coprolites) of a reptile. These types of fossil are called trace fossils (or ichnofossils), as opposed to body fossils. Finally, past life leaves some markers that cannot be seen but can be detected in the form of biochemical signals; these are known as chemofossils or biomarkers. |
| 题型难度分析 | 首先，单选题包括细节类和主旨类的。 其次，判断总共有5个。 最后是人名配观点的配对题，总共有四个。这篇文章中的主流题型较多，还是有一定难度的。 |
| 题型技巧分析 | 是非无判断题是雅思考试阅读的经典题型，虽然今年的题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。 首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES, 本篇是TRUE FALSE NOT GIVEN。 解题步骤： 1. 速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。考点词：比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等） 2. 排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。 3. 重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。 TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。 FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。 NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。 配对类题型是雅思阅读的一个特色题型之一。其难度相对较大，对考生能力要求相对较高。在目前的雅思考试当中，配对题已经占了非常大的比重，考生在复习的时候必须非常重视。配对类题型有很多种，常见的种类有：1. 人名-观点配对；2. 地名-描述配对；3. 句子-句子配对；4. 分类题(Classification)；5. 段落-标题配对；6. 段落-细节配对。其中前四种做题方法比较类似，而后两种相对较复杂。 前四种配对题的出题特点： I. 所考内容全部为细节，和后两种题型考察主旨不一样，前四种题型主要考察的是考生对于文章细节的把握和理解。因此，这些题型的解题方法主要是先用Scan的方法定位出关键的段落。 II. 出题不一定遵循顺序原则。在对剑桥雅思真题集进行研究后发现，上述四种配对题型中，除了句子配对题肯定按照顺序原则出题之外，其它的题型有些是讲顺序原则的，有些则不讲。大体上说来，如果一道题目的定位词很明确，很容易在原文中找到信息，那么该题就讲顺序原则；反之亦然。 III. 个别题目会有NB出现。在部分题目的指令中，会有这么一行字：NB You may use any letter more than once. 这就意味着在选项中，有至少一个选项可以重复选。但是根据真题的出题思路和考生的实考回忆，一般认为如果出现NB, 很有可能是有且仅有一个选项重复使用一次，个别情况会出现两个选项使用两次；而从来没有三个选项使用两次或两个选项使用三次。 对于一方是特殊定位词的配对题，在做题时，首先应先在文章中将特殊定位词—人名，地名，时间在文中划出，做出标记。其次将配对另一方通读划出关键的词汇，一般以名词为主。然后去文中对已做出标记的部分进行精读，选出答案。 |
| 剑桥雅思推荐原文练习 | 剑8 Test3 Passage3 |
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