温家宝2009年夏季达沃斯论坛讲话
China's stimulus package seeks to coordinate the role of the government and the market and enable development and reform to advance in a mutually reinforcing way. The bulk of government funds will go into public services and serve as a guide for the flow of non-public funds. The structural tax cuts involving 550 billion yuan are aimed at raising corporate capacity to invest and people's ability to spend. The government-funded interest discount and tax tools are designed to encourage the restructuring, merger and reorganization of enterprises. And the cut in interest rate and the required reserve ratio has ensured reasonably adequate liquidity in the banking system. All the key reform measures that we have taken this year are intended to eliminate the institutional and structural barriers in the economy and strengthen the vitality and dynamism of economic growth.
——我们实施的一揽子计划，是既保增长、又惠民生的计划。我们将公共资源配置向民生工程倾斜。在全国10%的县市区试点新型农村社会养老保险，覆盖9000万人。全面推进医药卫生体制改革，3年各级政府新增投入8500亿元，缓解城乡居民“看病难、看病贵”问题；中央财政还安排429亿元，解决关闭破产国有企业退休人员的医疗保障问题。千方百计扩大就业，特别是高校毕业生和农民工等重点群体就业。2009年，中央财政安排用于教育、医疗卫生、社会保障和就业、保障性安居工程等民生方面的支出比上年增长29.4%。
China's stimulus package is designed to both sustain economic growth and improve people's livelihood. We give priority to projects affecting people's well-being in allocating public resources. We have introduced, on a trial basis, a new rural old-age insurance program in 10% of the counties across the country, with a total coverage of 90 million people. We are pressing ahead with comprehensive reform in the pharmaceutical and health care system. Within a period of three years, governments at all levels will invest an additional 850 billion yuan to make medical services more accessible and affordable for both urban and rural residents. The central government has set aside 42.9 billion yuan to provide medical insurance for all retirees of the closed or bankrupt state owned enterprises. We are taking all possible steps to expand employment, particularly jobs for college graduates and rural migrant workers. For the year of 2009, the central budget for education, medical and health care, social security, employment, government-subsidized housing and other programs related to people's well-being will be 29.4% higher than that of last year.
总的看，我们应对国际金融危机采取的宏观经济政策和一揽子计划是符合中国实际的，也是及时的、有力的、有效的。但是，中国经济企稳回升的态势还不稳定、不巩固、不平衡。世界经济前景还存在诸多不确定因素，外需下滑的压力仍然很大；扩大内需在短期内受到多方面制约，一些行业、企业经营仍然困难，结构调整的任务十分艰巨；一些刺激政策的效应会递减，一些着眼长远的政策收到成效需要时间。因此，我们不能也不会在不适当的条件下改变政策方向。我们将继续把保持经济平稳较快发展作为首要任务，坚定不移地继续实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，全面落实并不断丰富和完善一揽子计划，及时发现和解决经济运行中的新情况、新问题，提高政策的针对性、有效性和可持续性，同时，警惕和防范包括通胀在内的各种潜在风险，推动中国经济平稳较快发展和社会和谐稳定。
China's macro-economic policy and the stimulus package are on the whole in keeping with the country's reality and have proven to be timely, forceful and effective. However, the stabilization and recovery of the Chinese economy is not yet steady, solid and balanced. With many uncertainties remaining in the prospects of the world economy, we still face tremendous pressure of the decline in external demand. And we are under various constraints in expanding domestic demand in the short term. Some industries and businesses remain in a difficult situation, and the task of economic restructuring is a daunting one. Some of the stimulus measures will see their effect wane, and it will take time before those long-term policies show effect. Given such a state of affairs, we cannot and will not change our policy direction in the absence of proper conditions. We will continue to take maintaining steady and relatively fast economic growth as our primary task. We will unswervingly follow the proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policy, and fully implement and continuously enrich and improve the stimulus package. We will promptly identify and address new developments and new problems in the economy, make our policies more targeted, effective and sustainable, and guard against and fend off various potential risks, including inflation, so that the Chinese economy will achieve fast and steady growth and the country will enjoy social stability and harmony.
女士们，先生们：
Ladies and Gentlemen,
国际金融危机对世界经济的影响是深远的，中国也不例外，应对国际金融危机将是一项长期艰巨的任务。我们政策的着力点不仅在于克服短期困难，更要着眼于长远发展，从根本上解决制约中国经济健康发展的体制性、结构性矛盾，全面增强经济发展的内在动力，全面增强经济、社会的整体素质和可持续发展能力，为全面建成惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会打下更加牢固的基础。
The international financial crisis has inflicted far-reaching impact on the world economy, and China's economy has not been immune. To counter the global financial crisis is a long-term and arduous task. Our policies should not only focus on overcoming the short-term difficulties, but also, and more importantly, ensure long-term development. They should seek to bring a fundamental solution to the institutional and structural problems constraining the sound growth of China's economy, boost the internal dynamism of economic growth in an all-round way, and raise the overall quality of economic and social progress and the capacity for sustainable development. This way, we will lay a more solid foundation for building a moderately prosperous society at a higher level to the benefit of the more than one billion population.
我们要把调整经济结构作为主攻方向，更加注重以内需、特别是最终消费拉动经济增长。扩大内需是中国经济发展的长期战略方针，是应对国际金融危机、抵御外部风险的必由之路。必须大力调整内需外需结构，不断增强内需对经济增长的拉动力。特别要提高消费在内需中的比重，努力增加城乡居民收入，改善居民消费预期，提高居民消费意愿和能力。保持投资合理增长，优化投资结构，提高投资效益，淘汰落后产能，推动兼并重组，防止重复建设。我们要把加快发展服务业作为结构调整的关键环节，作为扩大内需的重点任务，作为促进供需平衡增长的重要结合点。把发展服务业与调整需求结构结合起来，与鼓励民营经济发展结合起来，与扩大就业结合起来，不断提高服务业占国内生产总值的比重，提高服务业市场化、产业化、社会化水平。
We should focus on restructuring the economy, and make greater effort to enhance the role of domestic demand, especially final consumption in spurring growth. To boost domestic demand is a long-term strategic policy for China's economic growth and the way for us to tackle the financial crisis and stave off external risks. We must take forceful measures to adjust the structures of domestic and external demands and strengthen the role of domestic demand in fuelling economic growth. In particular, we must increase the share of consumption in domestic demand, raise urban and rural income, improve consumer expectations, and enhance people's willingness and capacity to spend. We will maintain rational growth of investment, optimize the investment structure, increase investment returns, shut down backward production facilities, encourage corporate merger and reorganization and avert redundant construction. We will speed up the development of the service sector and make it a key link in our restructuring effort, a priority task in boosting domestic demand, and an important factor in promoting balanced growth of supply and demand. Development of the service sector must be pursued in the broader context of adjusting the demand structure, encouraging the growth of the non-public sector of the economy and expanding employment. We will increase the share of the service sector in the GDP on a continuous basis, and put in place a market-based service industry with the participation of multiple service providers.
我们要把深化改革开放作为根本动力，更加注重构建充满活力的体制机制。要全面提升中国经济发展的内在动力与活力，关键是要进一步深化改革开放。当前的重要任务是：深化收入分配体制改革，调整国民收入分配格局，提高居民收入比重，缩小收入分配差距；加快建立反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的生产要素和资源价格形成机制，推进资源性产品价格和环保收费改革；继续深化财税金融体制改革，健全资本市场和银行体系，完善人民币汇率形成机制；毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展。在全面推进经济体制改革的同时，积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革。要坚定不移地深入实施互利共赢的开放战略，努力提高开放型经济水平。
We should deepen reform and opening-up, the fundamental force in driving development, and make greater effort to build vibrant institutions and mechanisms. Reform and opening-up are essential to strengthening the dynamism and momentum of China's economic growth. Our major tasks in this connection are as follows: deepen the reform of income distribution system, adjust the structure of national income distribution, increase the share of people's income, and narrow the gap in income distribution. We will speed up the establishment of pricing mechanisms for resources and factors of production that are responsive to market changes and reflect the scarcity level of the resources and environmental cost, and push forward the reform in resource products price and environmental protection charge. We will deepen reform of fiscal, taxation and financial systems, upgrade the capital market and banking system, and improve the RMB exchange rate regime. We will unswervingly reinforce and develop the public sector of the economy and encourage, support and guide the development of the non-public sector. While pressing ahead with the comprehensive economic restructuring, we will advance political restructuring in an active and steady way. We will firmly implement the win-win strategy of opening-up and work hard to raise the level of the open economy.
我们要把科技创新作为重要支撑，更加注重扶持战略性新兴产业发展。科学技术是经济发展的强大动力。战胜当前这场严重的国际金融危机，必须更加注重利用科学技术寻求突破，依靠科技进步促进发展，全面建设创新型国家。一方面要突破制约产业转型升级的关键技术，促进战略性新兴产业加快发展，重点支持新能源、新材料、生物医药、第三代移动通信、三网融合等产业的技术研发和产业化，加快发展低碳经济、绿色经济，努力占领国际产业竞争的制高点。另一方面，要加快运用高新技术和先进适用技术改造传统产业，大幅提升农业、制造业和传统服务业的现代化水平。
We should see scientific and technological innovation as an important pillar and make greater effort to develop new industries of strategic importance. Science and technology is a powerful engine of economic growth. To overcome the severe international financial crisis, we must rely more on science and technology in making breakthroughs and boosting development. We will make China a country of innovation. We will seek breakthroughs in key technologies that are vital to industrial transformation and upgrading, speed up the development of new industries of strategic importance, and give priority to research, development, and industrial application of technologies in new energy, new materials, bio-medicine, third generation mobile communications, and the integration of telecommunications networks, cable TV networks and the Internet. We will accelerate the development of a low carbon economy and green economy so as to gain an advantageous position in the international industrial competition. We will, at the same time, speed up the upgrading of traditional industries through new and high technologies and advanced applicable technologies and substantially increase the level of modernization in agriculture, manufacturing and the traditional service sector.
我们要把统筹城乡区域协调发展和推动城镇化作为战略重点，更加注重拓展新的发展空间。统筹城乡区域协调发展，既是支撑中国经济长期较快发展的强大内在动力，也是全面建设小康社会的难点重点。既是我们应对国际金融危机的回旋余地所在，更是中国经济和社会自我改造的伟大工程。要始终不渝地做好“三农”工作，巩固和加强农业基础。协调推进城镇化和新农村建设。统筹考虑人口集聚、土地集约、产业发展和公共服务等因素，积极稳妥地推进工业化、城镇化，提高城镇综合承载能力，为经济的持久发展开拓新的空间。继续实施区域发展总体战略，加快形成新的区域增长极。
We should take it as a strategic priority to pursue balanced development between urban and rural areas and among various regions and promote urbanization, and make greater effort to expand new areas of growth. To balance urban and rural development and development among regions provides a strong internal force that supports China's long-term fast economic growth. This is a primary and also tough task for us as we endeavor to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. It offers us much leeway in tackling the global financial crisis and represents a great undertaking in the self-improvement of China's economy and society. We must do a good job in work related to agriculture, the rural areas and farmers, and solidify the foundation of agriculture. We will advance urbanization and the building of a new countryside in a coordinated manner. We will take active and steady measures to promote industrialization and urbanization on the basis of balanced consideration of such factors as population density, land use efficiency, industrial development and public services, raise the overall carrying capacity of cities, and open up new space for sustained economic growth. We will continue with our effort to pursue a holistic strategy on regional development and foster new regional growth areas at a faster pace.
我们要把保障和改善民生作为出发点和落脚点，更加注重完善社会保障体系和发展社会事业。应对国际金融危机，根本目的是实现强国与富民的统一，不断满足人民群众日益增长的物质文化需求，让人民群众过上好生活。要实施更加积极的就业政策，千方百计增加就业岗位；抓紧完善社会保障体系，进一步健全养老、医疗、失业等保障体系，扩大覆盖面，提高统筹层级和保障水平；全面发展教育、医药卫生、文化体育等社会事业，促进基本公共服务逐步均等化。努力使全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居。
We should make better livelihood for the people the supreme goal of our work and make greater efforts to improve the social safety net and develop social programs. Our ultimate goal in overcoming the global financial crisis is to build a strong country while improving the livelihood of the people, meet the people's ever-growing material and cultural needs and bring about a better life for the people. We will implement a more proactive employment policy and take all possible measures to create jobs. We will put in place a sound social safety net that covers more people, improve the old-age pension, medical care and unemployment benefit programs, raise the pooling level and increase the welfare benefits. We will develop a wide range of social programs covering education, medicine, health, arts and sports and promote equal access to basic public services. We will do all we can to ensure that all our people enjoy their rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care, and housing.
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