温总理2011年夏季达沃斯论坛演讲实录

Ladies and Gentlemen,

步入21世纪第二个十年，中国的发展进入新的历史阶段，仍处在重要战略机遇期。和平、发展、合作仍是时代潮流，国际环境总体上有利于我国和平发展；我国工业化、城镇化和农业现代化深入发展，国内市场潜力巨大，国民储蓄率较高，科技和教育整体水平提升，劳动力素质改善，改革不断深化，社会大局保持稳定，这些都为经济社会发展创造了有利条件、开辟了广阔空间。我们也深刻认识到，我国发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题仍然突出，制约科学发展的体制机制障碍依然较多。随着经济总量不断扩大，保持我国经济在更长时期内高速增长的难度在加大。但国际国内形势新变化没有改变中国发展的基本面，我们完全有条件、有能力、有信心继续保持经济平稳较快发展，推动经济发展再上新台阶。

With its development entering a new historical stage in the second decade of the 21st century, China is in an important period of strategic opportunities. Peace, development and cooperation remain the trend of our times. The international environment is generally conducive to China's pursuit of peaceful development. Numerous factors - continuous industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, huge market potential, a relatively high savings rate, better R&D capacity, better education, a more skilled labor force, deepening reform and overall stability - have created enabling conditions and vast space for continued economic and social development in China. On the other hand, we are still facing a pressing problem, that is, China's development is not yet balanced, coordinated and sustainable and there are many institutional constraints hindering scientific development. As the size of the Chinese economy grows, it will become difficult to keep high-speed growth over a long period of time. However, the new developments, both internationally and in China, have not changed the fundamentals of China's development. We have the right conditions, and we have both the ability and confidence to maintain steady and fairly fast growth of the economy and bring China's economy to a new stage of development.

“十二五”是中国全面建设小康社会的关键时期。我们充分考虑未来发展趋势和条件，与我国2020年奋斗目标紧密衔接，确立了今后5年发展的总体方向和战略任务，突出体现了加快转变经济发展方式、实现科学发展、让全体人民共享改革发展成果的要求。

The current 12th Five-year Plan period is a critical stage in China's efforts to build a society of initial prosperity in all respects. Taking into full consideration the future trend and conditions as well as China's goals for 2020 and responding to the need for changing the model of growth at a faster pace, achieving scientific development and bringing the benefits of reform and development to all the people, we have set the following goals and strategic tasks for these five years:

——中国将坚持实施扩大内需战略，着力调整优化需求结构，增强消费需求拉动力。立足内需是大国实现经济可持续增长的内在要求和必然选择。中国有占世界20%的人口，人均国内生产总值超过4000美元，进入到消费结构升级的关键阶段，提高城乡居民消费水平和生活质量，加强经济社会发展薄弱环节，都孕育着巨大的国内需求。我们将着力构建扩大消费需求的长效机制，营造良好消费环境，改善居民消费预期，增强居民消费能力，促进消费结构升级。把扩大消费与推进城镇化、保障改善民生有机结合起来，与加快发展服务业有机结合起来，力争使城镇化率再提高4个百分点，服务业增加值占国内生产总值比重再提高4个百分点，使最终需求成为拉动我国经济增长的强劲动力。

- China will continue to follow the strategy of expanding domestic demand, with focus on improving the structure of demand and increasing consumer demand to drive economic growth.Domestic demand is crucial and a necessary choice for a big country to achieve sustainable economic growth. China has 20% of the world's population. With its per capita GDP exceeding US$4,000, China has entered a key stage for upgrading consumption structure. To upgrade consumption and raise the quality of life for urban and rural population and strengthen weak links in economic and social development will generate enormous domestic demand. We will endeavor to build a long-term mechanism for expanding consumer demand, create a favorable environment for consumption, improve consumer expectation, boost spending power and upgrade consumption structure. We will expand consumption in the course of advancing urbanization, protecting and improving people's well-being and speeding up the development of service industries. We aim to make urbanization grow by another 4 percentage points, and raise the share of the value added created by service industries in GDP by another 4 percentage points, so that final demand will become a major force driving China's economic growth.

——中国将坚持优先发展教育，全面提高人的素质，把经济发展建立在提高人力资本质量的基础上。对于中国这样的发展中大国，大力提升教育水平，全面提高人的素质，是经济发展的优势、动力和源泉。我们要尽快把经济增长从依靠增加人力资本数量转变到依靠提升人力资本质量上来。这是适应技术进步、转变经济发展方式的需要，是适应人口结构变化、实现可持续发展的关键。我们要全面落实国家中长期教育规划纲要，更好地统筹发展各级各类教育，大力促进教育公平，全面实施素质教育，着力培养创新型人才，推动教育事业科学发展，加快从教育大国向教育强国、人力资源大国向人力资源强国迈进。这将为中国经济持续发展提供强大的智力支撑。

- China will continue to develop education as a priority, bring about all-round human development, and promote economic development on the basis of improving the quality of human capital.For a major developing country like China, boosting education and improving quality of human resources will drive economic development and make it more competitive. We will act quickly to achieve economic growth by increasing the quality of human capital rather than by just using more workers. This will enable us to catch up with the progress in technology and change the model of growth, and it holds the key for us to adapt to demographic changes and achieve sustainable development. We will fully implement the outline of the national medium- and long-term plan for education and promote balanced development of education at different levels and of various types. We will ensure equitable education for all, promote well-rounded development of people, train innovation-oriented talents, and advance education in a scientific manner. And we will move faster to make China not only a big country but also a strong country in both education and human resources. This will provide strong intellectual impetus for sustaining China's economic development.

——中国将坚持创新驱动，加快建设国家创新体系，大力增强科技对经济社会发展的支撑能力。加快转变经济发展方式，必须依靠科技支撑和引领。“十二五”时期，我们要把科技工作摆在更加突出的位置，深化科技体制改革，从根本上解决科技与经济脱节的问题；加大科技投入，把研究与试验发展经费支出占国内生产总值的比重从1.75%提高到2.2%。瞄准世界科技发展前沿，加强基础研究和战略高技术研究，集中力量突破一批核心关键技术。提升知识产权创造、应用、保护、管理能力，激发全社会创新活力。加快应用新技术、新材料、新工艺、新装备改造提升传统产业。大力培育和发展战略性新兴产业，现阶段重点培育和发展节能环保、新一代信息技术、生物、高端装备制造、新能源、新材料、新能源汽车等产业，力争形成新的支柱性产业，在新一轮科技革命和产业革命中赢得发展的主动权。

- China will continue to build an innovation-driven society, speed up the development of an innovation system, and enhance the role of science and technology in driving economic and social development. R&D is crucial in guiding our efforts to accelerate the change of growth model. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we will give greater priority to R&D, deepen reform of science and technology institutions, and address the root causes of R&D not fully meeting the need of economic development. We will increase input in science and technology and raise the share of budget for R&D in GDP from 1.75% to 2.2%. We will follow closely the latest progress in overseas frontier technologies, strengthen basic research and the research of high technologies of strategic importance, and pool resources to make breakthroughs in developing core technologies. We will enhance capacity to create, utilize, protect and manage intellectual property rights and bring into play the creativity of the whole society. We will accelerate the upgrading of traditional industries by using new technologies, new materials, new techniques and new equipment. We will vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, with a focus at this stage on industries related to energy conservation, environmental protection, new-generation information technology, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials and new energy vehicles. Our goal is to develop new pillar industries so as to gain initiative for development in the new scientific revolution and industrial revolution.

——中国将坚持节约资源和保护环境，走绿色、低碳、可持续的发展道路，显著提高资源利用效率和应对气候变化能力。节约资源、保护环境是实现可持续发展的必由之路，是我国的一项基本国策。我们将加快构建有利于节约资源和保护环境的产业结构、生产方式和消费模式，促进人与自然的和谐统一。“十二五”期间，把非化石能源占一次能源消费比重提高到11.4%，单位国内生产总值能源消耗和二氧化碳排放分别降低16%和17%，主要污染物排放总量减少8%至10%。我们要健全法规和标准，强化目标责任考核，理顺能源资源价格体系，加强财税、金融等政策支持，推动循环经济发展，大力培育以低碳排放为特征的工业、建筑和交通体系，全面推进节能、节水、节地、节材和资源综合利用，保护与修复生态，增加森林碳汇，全面增强应对气候变化能力。

- China will continue to save resources and protect the environment, follow the path of green, low-carbon and sustainable development, use resources in a more efficient way, and develop stronger capacity for tackling climate change. To conserve resources and protect the environment is crucial to achieving sustainable development, and this is one of China's basic state policies. We will speed up the building of an industrial structure, a mode of production and a model of consumption that are conducive to resource conservation and environmental protection, and promote harmony between man and nature. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we will raise the share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption to 11.4%, reduce energy consumption and C02 emission per unit of GDP by 16% and 17% respectively, and cut total discharge of major pollutants by 8%-10%. We will improve laws, regulations and standards, strengthen performance-based accountability, overhaul the pricing mechanism for energy and resources and increase fiscal, taxation, financial and other policy incentives. We will promote circular economy, develop low-carbon industrial, construction and transportation systems, promote energy, water, land and material conservation and integrated resource utilization, preserve and repair the eco-system, increase forest carbon sink, and build stronger capacity for tackling climate change.