2012年温总理政府工作报告全文（双语对照）

(四)加快转变经济发展方式   4. Accelerating the transformation of the pattern of economic development 

解决发展不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题，关键在于加快转变经济发展方式，推进经济结构战略性调整，这既是一个长期过程，也是当前最紧迫的任务。 The key to solving the problems of imbalanced, uncoordinated, and unsustainable development is to accelerate the transformation of the pattern of economic development and carry out strategic adjustment of the economic restructure. This is both a long-term task and our most pressing task at present.

促进产业结构优化升级。推动战略性新兴产业健康发展。建立促进新能源利用的机制，加强统筹规划、项目配套、政策引导，扩大国内需求，制止太阳 能、风电等产业盲目扩张。发展新一代信息技术，加强网络基础设施建设，推动三网融合取得实质性进展。大力发展高端装备制造、节能环保、生物医药、新能源汽 车、新材料等产业。扩大技改专项资金规模，促进传统产业改造升级。 We will improve and upgrade the industrial structure. We will promote the sound development of strategic emerging industries. We will accelerate the establishment of mechanisms that promote the use of new energy sources; strengthen overall planning, auxiliary projects and policy guidance; and expand domestic demand. We will prevent blind expansion in our capacity to manufacture solar energy and wind power equipment. We will develop next-generation information technology, strengthen network infrastructure, and make substantive progress in integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet. We will energetically develop the high-end equipment manufacturing, energy conservation, environmental protection, biopharmaceuticals, new-energy vehicles, and new materials industries. We will increase funding for technological upgrading projects, and press ahead with the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. 

以汽车、钢铁、造船、水泥等行业为重点，控制增量，优化存量，推动企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和规模效益。落实并完善促进小型微型企业发展的 政策，进一步减轻企业负担，激发科技型小型微型企业发展活力。实施有利于服务业发展的财税、金融政策，支持社会资本进入服务业，促进服务业发展提速、比重 提高、水平提升。 We will control increases in production capacity, improve existing production facilities, encourage enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and increase industrial concentration and economies of scale, with the focus on the automobile, steel, shipbuilding, and cement industries. We will implement and improve policies to promote the growth of small and micro businesses, further reduce burdens on enterprises, and promote the vibrant growth of small and micro high-tech enterprises. We will implement fiscal, taxation, and financial policies that facilitate the development of the service sector and encourage nongovernmental investment in this sector, in order to promote faster development of the sector, increase its share in the economy, and facilitate its upgrading.

推进节能减排和生态环境保护。节能减排的关键是节约能源，提高能效，减少污染。要抓紧制定出台合理控制能源消费总量工作方案，加快理顺能源价格 体系。综合运用经济、法律和必要的行政手段，突出抓好工业、交通、建筑、公共机构、居民生活等重点领域和千家重点耗能企业节能减排，进一步淘汰落后产能。 加强用能管理，发展智能电网和分布式能源，实施节能发电调度、合同能源管理、政府节能采购等行之有效的管理方式。 We will conserve energy, reduce emissions, and protect the ecological environment. The key to conserving energy and reducing emissions is to save energy, improve energy efficiency, and reduce pollution. We will promptly formulate and promulgate a work plan for appropriately controlling total energy consumption, and move quickly to base the energy pricing system on the market. We will use economic, legal, and the necessary administrative means to conserve energy and reduce emissions in key areas such as manufacturing, transportation, construction, public institutions, and people's homes, and in 1,000 key energy-intensive enterprises; and close down more outdated production facilities. We will tighten supervision of energy use, develop smart power grids and ensure the proper distribution of energy supplies, and implement effective administrative practices such as efficient electricity generation and distribution, energy performance contracting, and government procurement of energy-efficient goods and services.

优化能源结构，推动传统能源清洁高效利用，安全高效发展核电，积极发展水电，加快页岩气勘查、开发攻关，提高新能源和可再生能源比重。加强能源 通道建设。深入贯彻节约资源和保护环境基本国策。开展节能认证和能效标识监督检查，鼓励节能、节水、节地、节材和资源综合利用，大力发展循环经济。加强环 境保护，着力解决重金属、饮用水源、大气、土壤、海洋污染等关系民生的突出环境问题。努力减少农业面源污染。严格监管危险化学品。 We will optimize the energy structure, promote clean and efficient use of traditional energy, safely and effectively develop nuclear power, actively develop hydroelectric power, tackle key problems more quickly in the exploration and development of shale gas, and increase the share of new energy and renewable energy in total energy consumption. We will step up the construction of energy transportation routes. We will thoroughly implement the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment. We will carry out certification of energy-efficient products and oversight and inspection of energy efficiency labeling; encourage economical use of energy, water, land, and materials as well as comprehensive use of resources; and vigorously develop a circular economy. We will strengthen environmental protection; strive to solve major environmental problems that directly affect people's lives, such as heavy metals, drinking water sources, air, soil, and marine pollution; reduce pollution from non-point agricultural sources; and put hazardous chemicals under strict oversight and supervision. 

今年在京津冀、长三角、珠三角等重点区域以及直辖市和省会城市开展细颗粒物(PM2.5)等项目监测，2015年覆盖所有地级以上城市。推进生 态建设，促进生态保护和修复，巩固天然林保护、退耕还林还草、退牧还草成果，加强草原生态建设，大力开展植树造林，推进荒漠化、石漠化、坡耕地治理，严格 保护江河源、湿地、湖泊等重要生态功能区。加强适应气候变化特别是应对极端气候事件能力建设，提高防灾减灾能力。坚持共同但有区别的责任原则和公平原则， 建设性推动应对气候变化国际谈判进程。我们要用行动昭告世界，中国绝不靠牺牲生态环境和人民健康来换取经济增长，我们一定能走出一条生产发展、生活富裕、 生态良好的文明发展道路。 We will start monitoring fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River delta, the Pearl River delta and other key areas as well as in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capital cities, and extend the practice to all cities at and above the prefectural level by 2015. We will improve the ecology, establish a sound system of compensation for ecological damage, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, and consolidate achievements in protecting virgin forests, turning vulnerable farmland into forests and grasslands, and stopping grazing to let grasslands recover. We will strengthen grassland ecological conservation; vigorously carry out afforestation; make progress in dealing with desertification and stony deserts and in improving terraced farmland; and strictly protect river sources, wetlands, lakes, and other priority functional ecological zones. We will strengthen capacity building to adapt to climate change, and especially to respond to extreme climate events, and improve our ability to prevent and mitigate natural disasters. We will uphold the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and the principle of fairness, and play a constructive role in promoting international talks on climate change. We will show the world with our actions that China will never seek economic growth at the expense of its ecological environment and public health. We are definitely capable of taking a path of civilized development which ensures that production increases, people's living standards rise, and we live in a good ecological environment.

促进区域经济协调发展。实施区域发展总体战略和主体功能区规划，充分发挥各地特色和优势，进一步提高区域发展的协调性和基本公共服务均等化水 平。认真落实西部大开发新10年的政策措施，加大实施中部地区崛起战略的力度，加快推进东北地区等老工业基地振兴，积极支持东部地区转型发展、在更高层次 上参与国际竞争与合作。要加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区和贫困地区的扶持力度。 We will enhance balanced economic development among regions. We will implement the master strategy for regional development and the plan for developing functional zones, give full play to the distinctive strengths of each region, better coordinate development among regions, and make delivery of basic public services more equitable. We will conscientiously implement the policies and measures for the large-scale development of the western region in the new decade, work even harder to implement the strategy for the rise of the central region, more quickly revitalize the old industrial bases in northeast China, and actively support the eastern region in transforming its economy and participating in international competition and cooperation at a higher level. We will increase support to old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poverty-stricken areas. 

更好地发挥经济特区、上海浦东新区、天津滨海新区在改革开放中先行先试的重要作用。制定和实施海洋发展战略，促进海洋经济发展。加强和完善跨区域合作机制，消除市场壁垒，促进要素流动，引导产业有序转移，推动区域经济良性互动、协调发展。 We will encourage special economic zones, the Pudong New Area in Shanghai, and the Binhai New Area in Tianjin to better play their role of leading the way and exploring new paths in reform and opening up. We will formulate and implement a strategy for marine development, and promote the development of the marine economy. We will strengthen and improve inter-regional cooperation mechanisms, remove market barriers, facilitate the flow of factors of production, guide the orderly transfer of industries, and promote mutually reinforcing and coordinated economic development among regions.

积极稳妥推进城镇化。要遵循城市发展规律，从各地实际出发，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。根据资源环境和人口承载能力，优化全国生产力布 局，形成合理的城镇体系和与国土规模、资源分布、发展潜力相适应的人口布局。各类城市都要夯实经济基础，创造就业机会，完善基础设施，改善人居环境，加强 管理服务，提升城镇化质量和水平。 We will actively yet prudently promote urbanization. We will promote the coordinated development of large, medium-sized, and small cities as well as small towns in light of local conditions and in accordance with the laws governing urban development. On the basis of the carrying capacity of China's resources, environment and population, we will improve the distribution of the productive forces across the country, develop cities and towns rationally, and ensure that the geographical distribution of the population is suited to land availability, resources distribution, and development potential. We will strengthen the economic foundation and create job opportunities in all cities, improve their infrastructure and living environment, strengthen urban management and services, and raise the quality and level of urbanization. 

更加注重把在城镇稳定就业和居住的农民工有序转变为城镇居民；放宽中小城市落户条件，合理引导人口流向，让更多农村富余劳动力就近转移就业。加 强对农民工的人文关怀和服务，着力解决农民工在就业服务、社会保障、子女入园上学、住房租购等方面的实际问题，逐步将城镇基本公共服务覆盖到农民工。关爱 留守儿童、留守妇女和留守老人。让农民无论进城还是留乡，都能安居乐业、幸福生活。 We will give higher priority to registering rural migrant workers with stable jobs and permanent homes in cities or towns as permanent urban residents in an orderly manner. We will relax eligibility for registering as urban households in small and medium-sized cities, guide the rational flow of the population, and enable more surplus rural workers to find nonagricultural employment in nearby towns and cities. We should care more deeply for rural migrant workers and provide more services to them; resolve difficulties they have in securing employment services, obtaining social security benefits, getting their children enrolled in preschools and schools, and renting or purchasing homes; and gradually extend to them basic public services that are available to urban residents. We will take care of children, women and old people who are left behind by rural migrant workers who work in cities. We will enable rural residents to enjoy a happy life whether they go to the city or stay in the countryside.

(五)深入实施科教兴国战略和人才强国战略 5. Thoroughly implementing the strategies of developing China through science and education and strengthening the country through human resource development

大力发展科技、教育事业，培养高素质的人才队伍，是国家强盛、民族复兴的必由之路。 To make China prosperous and strong and achieve the revival of the Chinese nation, we need to vigorously develop science, technology, and education and create a high-quality talent pool.

坚持优先发展教育。中央财政已按全国财政性教育经费支出占国内生产总值的4%编制预算，地方财政也要相应安排，确保实现这一目标。教育经费要突 出保障重点，加强薄弱环节，提高使用效益。深入推进教育体制改革，全面实施素质教育，逐步解决考试招生、教育教学等方面的突出问题。推进学校民主管理，逐步形成制度。 We will continue to give high priority to developing education. The central government has already prepared its budget to meet the requirement that government spending on education accounts for 4% of China's GDP, and local governments should act accordingly to ensure that this target is reached. Funds for education must be used to meet the funding requirements in key areas and strengthen weak links so that they yield better results. We will deepen reform of the educational system, extensively implement well-rounded education, and gradually resolve major problems in examination and enrollment, and in education and teaching. We will carry forward and gradually institutionalize democratic school management.

促进义务教育均衡发展，资源配置要向中西部、农村、边远、民族地区和城市薄弱学校倾斜。继续花大气力推动解决择校、入园等人民群众关心的热点难点问 题。农村中小学布局要因地制宜，处理好提高教育质量和方便孩子们就近上学的关系。办好农村寄宿学校，实施好农村义务教育学生营养改善计划。加强校车安全管 理，确保孩子们的人身安全。加强学前教育、继续教育和特殊教育，建设现代职业教育体系，办好民族教育。 We will promote the balanced development of compulsory education and give preference to schools in the central and western regions, rural areas, remote areas, and ethnic minority areas, and to weak urban schools when allocating resources. We will continue to make great efforts to ease contentious issues of great concern to the people, including paying to enroll one's children in better schools and the shortage of preschools. We will arrange the location of rural primary and secondary schools in light of local conditions, and ensure there is a proper balance between improving the quality of education and placing schools closer to children. We will run rural boarding schools well, and implement the plan for improving nutrition for rural students receiving compulsory education. We will enhance school bus and campus safety to ensure children's safety. We will strengthen preschool, continuing and special education, develop a modern vocational education system, and do a good job educating ethnic minority students.

高等教育要与经济社会发展和国家战略需要紧密结合，提高教育质量和创新能力。完善国家助学制度，逐步将中等职业教育免学费政策覆 盖到所有农村学生，扩大普通高中家庭经济困难学生资助范围。大力发展民办教育，鼓励和引导社会资本进入各级各类教育领域。教育寄托着人民的希望，关系国家 的未来，我们一定要把这项事业办得更好！ Higher education should better meet the needs of economic and social development and China's strategic requirements, and improve its quality and capacity for making innovations. We will improve the state financial aid system for students by gradually making all rural students exempt from paying tuition for secondary vocational education, and by granting financial aid to more students from poor families who attend regular senior secondary schools. We will vigorously develop privately run schools and encourage and guide nongovernmental investment in all types of schools at all levels. The people place their hopes on education, and education is crucial for China's future, so we must achieve even better results in this work.

大力推进科技创新。加强国家创新体系建设。深化科技体制改革，推动企业成为技术创新主体，促进科技与经济紧密结合。支持企业加强研发中心建设， 承担国家和地区重大科技项目。引导科研机构、高等院校的科研力量为企业研发中心服务，更好地实现产学研有机结合，提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。推动基础 研究和前沿技术研究，提高原始创新能力。完善科技评价和奖励制度。倡导学术诚信，鼓励独立思考，保障学术自由，弘扬科学精神。坚定不移地实施国家知识产权 战略。 We will vigorously boost innovation in science and technology. We will strengthen the national innovation system. We will deepen reform of the management system for science and technology, spur enterprises to become the main source of technological innovation, and more closely integrate science and technology with the economy. We will support enterprises in developing R&D centers and undertaking major national and regional science and technology projects. We will guide research institutes and researchers in universities in providing services to enterprises' technological innovation centers so that enterprises, universities, and research institutes can work more closely together to increase the industrial application of scientific and technological advances. We will boost basic research and research in cutting-edge technologies, and improve our capacity to make original innovations. We will improve the evaluation and incentive system for scientific and technological advances. We will advocate academic integrity, encourage independent thinking, ensure academic freedom, and foster a scientific spirit. We will unwaveringly implement the national strategy on intellectual property rights.

全面加强人才工作。深化人才体制改革，大力培养造就高水平创新创业人才、青年人才和急需紧缺人才，引进高层次人才。完善人才培养、任用、评价、激励机制。努力营造人才辈出、人尽其才、才尽其用的良好社会环境。 We will comprehensively strengthen human resource work. We will deepen reform of the personnel management system; energetically train high-level innovative and entrepreneurial personnel, talented young people, and personnel who are urgently needed and in short supply; and attract talented personnel from overseas. We will improve the mechanism for training, employing, evaluating, and giving incentives to talented personnel, and create a favorable social environment for them to come to the fore in large numbers and tap their full potential.

(六)切实保障和改善民生 6. Ensuring and improving the people's wellbeing

实现好、维护好、发展好最广大人民的根本利益是以人为本理念的具体体现。要把保障和改善民生作为政府工作的重要任务。 Putting people first is about realizing, upholding, and promoting their fundamental interests. We will make ensuring and improving their wellbeing an important task in the work of the government.

千方百计扩大就业。就业是关系国家发展和人民福祉的大事。今年就业压力仍然很大，各级政府务必坚持就业优先战略，继续实施更加积极的就业政策。 重点扶持就业容量大的现代服务业、创新型科技企业和小型微型企业，创造更多就业岗位。鼓励以创业带动就业。抓好高校毕业生、农民工和城镇就业困难人员就 业，加强退役军人技能培训与就业安置工作。 We will make every effort to increase employment. Employment is of great importance to China's development and the people's wellbeing. We will continue to face great employment pressure this year, and governments at all levels must continue to follow the strategy of giving top priority to employment and more actively implement employment policies. We will give high priority to supporting service industries, innovative high-tech enterprises, and small and micro businesses that employ large numbers of people so as to create more jobs. We will encourage the creation of new businesses to stimulate employment. We will help college graduates, rural migrant workers and urban residents having difficulty finding jobs find employment, and strengthen technical training for ex-soldiers and help them find jobs and settle down. 

鼓励高校毕业生投身农村、基层、中西部地区建设。加强职业培训和公共就业服务工作。加快建立健全统一规范灵活的人力资源市场。积极构建和谐劳动关系，加强对劳务派遣的规范管理，开展劳动关系争议排查，加强劳动监察和调解仲裁，维护劳动者合法权益。  We will encourage college graduates to pursue careers in rural areas, local communities and the central and western regions. We will strengthen vocational training and public employment services. We will accelerate development of a sound, unified, standardized, and flexible human resources market. We will promote harmonious labor relations, increase supervision of labor dispatch, settle labor relations disputes, and intensify supervision, mediation, and arbitration of labor disputes to protect the legitimate rights and interests of employees.

加快完善社会保障体系。今年年底前实现新型农村社会养老保险和城镇居民社会养老保险制度全覆盖。扩大各项社会保险覆盖面。增加企业退休人员基本 养老金。加强城乡低保和社会救助工作，加快发展社会福利事业和慈善事业。加强各项社会保障制度衔接。多渠道增加社会保障基金，加强社会保险基金、社会保障 基金投资监管，实现保值增值。加强社保服务能力建设，有条件的地方可对各类社保经办机构进行整合归并，有些服务可委托银行、商业保险机构代办。加快全国统 一的社会保障卡发放。 We will accelerate improvements to the social security system. By the end of the year, we will have achieved full coverage of the new old-age pension system for rural residents and the old-age pension system for non-working urban residents. We will expand coverage of all types of social insurance. We will raise the basic pension for enterprise retirees. We will increase urban and rural subsistence allowances and social aid, and accelerate development of social welfare programs and charities. We will better coordinate all aspects of the social safety net. We will increase the social security fund through a variety of channels, and strengthen oversight and supervision of investment from the social insurance fund and social security fund to increase their value. We will strengthen capacity building for social security services, allow localities where conditions permit to integrate and merge social security agencies, and entrust some services to banks or commercial insurance institutions. We will accelerate the work of introducing all-in-one national social security cards.