2016考研英语：新闻热词英译汇总（10）

近期的新闻热词有：

1. 电商大战美'黑色星期五'

2. '国防和军队改革'同推进

3. 以分钟计算的'克强节奏'

4. 2020年普及'签约家庭医生'

5. 公安部研究'黑户'落户制

6. 北京'拥堵时间成本'最高

7. 天津拟建最大'克隆工厂'

8. 美国发布'全球旅行警示'

黑色星期五

Black Friday

Major Chinese e-commerce platforms are offering promotions for the Black Friday shopping event, which follows the US Thanksgiving holiday, providing a new channel for Chinese consumers to buy imported items at a discount. 为了迎接美国感恩节之后的"黑色星期五"购物节，中国几大电商平台纷纷推出促销活动，为中国消费者购买打折进口货提供了新渠道。

"黑色星期五"标志着圣诞购物季的开始(the start of the Christmas shopping season)，这个说法是零售商在20世纪60年代创造出来的。在繁忙的圣诞礼品采购季中，这一天正是商店生意开始好转的时候。英语中in the red表示亏损，into the black则是财政上变得有盈余的意思，Black Friday由此而来。

"美国人习惯在感恩节过后马上开始为亲友选购圣诞节礼物(Christmas gifts)，所以"黑色星期五"跟中国的"双11"不同，不是纯粹的人造购物节(not really a made up shopping carnival)。感恩节是11月最后一个星期四，许多身在他乡的美国人会在周五请假，凑出一个长周末，赶回家和家人相聚，所以这个周五很适合开始圣诞购物。

"近年来，"黑色星期五"的购物热潮也逐渐从线下扩展到了线上，并借助电商平台扩大成全球性的购物狂欢节。今年各跨境电商平台(cross-border e-commerce platforms)对黑五的追逐空前热烈，例如，亚马逊宣布下调亚马逊欧洲网站直邮中国的邮费(shipping costs)，降幅最高可达50%(provide reductions of up to 50%)。

[相关词汇]

网络星期一(感恩节假期后的第一个工作日的网购促销活动) Cyber Monday

剁手党 hands-chopping people

限时抢购 flash sale

礼品卡 gift card

现金礼券 cash coupon

直邮 direct shipping

海淘 buy products from overseas websites

冲动购买 impulse buying

国防和军队改革

defense and military reforms

President Xi Jinping said deepening defense and military reforms is a crucial step for the military's future, a sure path to a strong military, and a call of the time to realize the Chinese dream as well as a strong military dream. 国家主席习近平指出，深化国防和军队改革是实现中国梦、强军梦的时代要求，是强军兴军的必由之路，也是决定军队未来的关键一招。

习近平强调，要动员全军和各方面力量(call on the military and related sectors)，全面实施改革强军战略(the strategy of strengthening the military through reforms)。

深化国防和军队改革(deepen defense and military reforms)要着力解决体制性障碍、结构性矛盾、政策性问题(break down systematic, structural and policy barriers)；

推进军队组织形态现代化(modernize the organization of the military)，进一步解放和发展战斗力、进一步解放和增强军队活力(further unleash the combat capacity and vigor of the military)；

建设同我国国际地位相称、同国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队(build a firm defense and strong military commensurate with China's international standing and interests in security and development)。

[相关词汇]

中央军事委员会(军委) the Central Military Commission (CMC)

军委集中统一领导 the CMC's centralized and unified leadership

军委管总 the CMC takes charge of the overall administration of the Chinese People's Liberation Army and the Chinese People's Armed Police

战区主战 battle zone commands focus on combats

军种主建 different military services pursue their own construction

军委—战区—部队的作战指挥体系 a three-tier "CMC - battle zone commands - troops" command system

军委—军种—部队的领导管理体系 administration system that runs from CMC through various services to the troops

非战斗机构人员 non-combatant personnel

裁军(动词) cut military personnel; slash troop numbers; cut troops

裁军(名词) reduction in troops; troop cut

克强节奏

Keqiang rhythm

Premier Li Keqiang's tight schedule in Suzhou continued after his fast-paced diplomacy in the just concluded Malaysia trip for the ASEAN annual meeting. Chinese media dubbed Li's diligent working style "Keqiang rhythm". 刚刚结束在马来西亚的东盟年度会议行，李克强总理又在苏州继续他的快节奏外交，开启紧凑行程。国内媒体将他这种兢兢业业的工作作风称为"克强节奏"。

一位外交官发愁道："尽管总理历次出访日程皆以高效率(efficient)、快节奏(fast-paced)著称，但像此次这样两大多边外事活动(foreign affairs)无缝衔接、密不透风的日程安排(intensive/tight schedule)还前所未有。我们简直不知道该怎么安排！"

的确，梳理总理此次外交日程(diplomatic schedule)便可发现，20日至23日，他出席了在马来西亚吉隆坡举行的第十八次中国—东盟领导人会议(the 18th China-ASEAN leaders' meeting)、第十八次东盟与中日韩领导人会议(the 18th ASEAN-China, Japan and South Korea leaders' meeting)和第十届东亚峰会(the 10th East Asia Summit)，并对马来西亚进行正式访问(official visit)。期间，他还在几个论坛发表主旨演讲(keynote speech)，并穿插若干场双边机制性会议。

随后，他于24日凌晨飞抵苏州，出席第四次中国—中东欧国家领导人会晤(the Fourth Leaders' Meeting of China and Central and Eastern European Countries)，并于当晚连轴与爱沙尼亚、波兰、斯洛文尼亚等中东欧国家领导人举行双边会谈(hold bilateral talks)。

[相关词汇]

克强经济学 Likonomics

外交场合 diplomatic occasions

高铁外交 high-speed rail(way) diplomacy

熊猫外交 panda diplomacy

乒乓外交 ping-pong diplomacy

尿布外交 diaper diplomacy

签约家庭医生

signed-up family doctor

The National Health and Family Planning Commission said local health authorities should make efforts to ensure every family is signed up with a qualified doctor by the end of 2020. 国家卫生计生委近日提出，到2020年年底，各地卫生部门要力争实现让每个家庭拥有一名合格的签约医生。

卫计委还要求大力推进全科医生(general practitioner)转岗培训，充实全科医生队伍。以提高实用技能为重点，加强社区卫生在岗人员(medical staff at community-level hospitals and clinics)培训和继续医学教育，社区卫生技术人员每5年累计参加技术培训时间不少于3个月。

在我国，人们习惯于生小病跑大医院，因为不少人担心基层医院(grassroots hospitals)的医疗水平有限。这种观念不仅会导致看病更难更贵，而且会加剧城乡医疗资源分布不均(worsen the imbalance in the distribution of medical resources between rural and urban areas)。

[相关词汇]

医疗证明 medical certificate

医疗用品 healthcare products

医疗资源 medical resources

检验结果 medical results

分级诊疗制度 hierarchical medical system

住院 hospitalization

转诊 referral