2016考研：近十年考研英语阅读常见短语汇总（一）

1.abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于；遵守

2.be absent from…. 缺席，不在

3.absence or mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉

4.absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引…的注意力（被动语态：be absorbed in 全神贯注于…）
   近义词组： be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on

5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有

6.access (to) （不可数名词）能接近，进入，了解

7.by accident (=by chance, accidentally) 偶然地，意外
   Without accident (=safely) 安全地

8.of one's own accord (=without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地，主动地

9.in accord with 与…一致
   out of one's accord with 同….不一致

10.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地

11.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据

12.on one's own account 1)为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益 2)=at one's own risk 自行负责 3)=by oneself 依靠自己
     on account 赊账；on account of 因为；on no account 不论什么原因也不；of …account 有…..重要性

13.take…into account (=consider) 把...考虑进去

14.give sb. an account of 说明，解释（理由）

15.account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释，说明

16.on account of (=because of) 由于，因为

17.on no account (=in no case, for no reason) 绝不要，无论如何不要（放句首时句子要倒装）

18.accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth.; blame sth. on sb.; complain about) 指控，控告

19.be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to) 习惯于

20.be acquainted with (=to have knowledge of) 了解； (=to have met socially) 熟悉

21.act on 奉行，按照…行动； act as 扮演； act for 代理

22.adapt oneself to (=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于

23.adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编，改写(以适应新的需要)

24.in addition (=besides ) 此外，又，加之

25.in addition to (=as well as, besides, other than) 除…外

26.adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, persist in, observe, opinion, belief) 粘附；坚持，遵循

27.adjacent (=next to, close to) 毗邻的，临近的

28.adjust..(to) (=change slightly) 调节；适应

29.admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) 留…的可能，留有…的余地.

30.in advance (before in time) 预告，事先

31.to advantage 有利的，使优点更加突出地

32.have an advantage over；胜过；have the advantage of；由于…处于有利条件；have the advantage of sb. 知道某人所不知道的事

33.take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness) 利用

34.agree with 赞同(某人意见)；agree to 同意

35.in agreement (with) 同意，一致

36.ahead of 在…之前，超前；ahead of time 提前

37.in the air 1)不肯定，不具体； 2)在谣传中

38.above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是，最重要的

39.in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共，总计

40.after all 毕竟，到底；(not) at all 一点也不；all at once (=suddenly) 突然；once and for all 只此一次；above all 最重要的；first of all 首先；all in all 大体上说；be all in 累极了；all but 几乎

41.allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到，估计到

42.amount to (=to be equal to) 总计，等于

43.answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对……负责

44.answer to (=conform to) 适合，符合

45.be anxious about 为……焦急不安（也可用 anxious for）

46.apologize to sb for sth 为……向……道歉

47.appeal to sb for sth.为某事向某人呼吁；appeal to sb对某人有吸引力

48.apply to sb for sth 为……向……申请；apply for 申请；apply to 适用

49.apply to 与……有关；适用

50.approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成

51.arise from (=be caused by ) 由……引起

52.arrange for sb./sth. to do sth 安排……做……

53.arrive on 到达；arrive at 到达某地（小地方）；得出，作出；arrive in 到达某地（大地方）

54.be ashamed of (=feel shame, guilt or sorrow because of sth done) 以……为羞耻

55.assure sb of sth (=try to cause to believe or trust in sth) 向……保证，使……确信

56.attach (to) (=to fix, fasten; join) 缚，系，结

57.make an attempt at doing sth.(to do sth) 试图做……

58.attend to (=give one's attention, care and thought) 注意，照顾；attend on (upon)(=wait upon, serve， look after) 侍候，照料

59.attitude to/ toward ……对……的态度，看法

60.attribute…to…(=to believe sth. to be the result of…) 把.……归因于……，认为.……是.……的结果

61.on the average (=on average, on an average) 平均

62.(be) aware of (=be conscious of, having knowledge or consciousness) 意识到……，知道

63.at the back of (=behind) 在……后面

64.in the back of 在……后部（里面）；on the back of 在……后部（外面）；be on one's back (=be ill in bed) 卧病不起

65.at one's back (=supporting or favoring sb) 支持，维护；have sb. at one's back 有……支持，有……作后台

66.turn one's back on sb (=turn away from sb in an impolite way) 不理睬（某人），背弃，抛弃

67.behind one's back 背着某人（说坏话）

68.be based on / upon 基于

69.on the basis of 根据……，在……基础上

70.beat…at 在……运动项目上打赢

71.begin with 以……开始；to begin with (=first of all) 首先，第一（经常用于开始语）

72.on behalf of (=as the representative of) 以……名义

73.believe in (=have faith or trust in; consider sth./sb. to be true) 相信，依赖，信仰

74.benefit (from) 受益，得到好处

75.for the benefit of 为了……的利益（好处）

76.for the better 好转

77.get the better of (=defeat sb) 打败，胜过

78.by birth 在出生上，论出身，按血统；at birth 在出生时；give birth to 出生

79.blame sb. for sth 因……责备某人；blame sth on sb 把……推在某人身上

80.in blossom 开花（指树木）；be in blossom 开花（强调状态）；come into blossom 开花（强调动作）

81.on board 到船上，在船上，上火车或飞机

82.boast of (or about) 吹嘘

83.out of breath 喘不过气来

84.in brief (=in as few words as possible) 简言之

85.in bulk 成批地，不散装的

86.take the floor 起立发言

87.on business 出差办事

88.be busy with sth 忙于某事；be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

89.last but one 倒数第二

90.but for (=without ) 要不是，表示假设

91.buy sth for…money 用多少钱买

92.be capable of 能够，有能力；be capable of being +过去分词 是能够被……的

93.in any case (=for love or money, at any rate, at any price, at any cost, whatever happens; anyhow) 无论如何

94.in case (=for fear that) 万一

95.in case of (=in the event of) 如果发生……，万一；in the case of 至于……，就……而言

96.in no case 在任何情况下都不（放句首倒装句）

97.be cautious of 谨防

98.center one's attention on (=focus one's attention on) 把某人的注意力集中在……上

99.be certain of (=be sure of) 有把握，一定

100.for certain of (=for sure) 肯定地，有把握

101.by chance (=accidentally, by accident) 偶然

102.for a change 换换环境（花样等）

103.charge sb with… 控告某人犯有……

104.in charge of (=responsible for) 负责（某事）；in the charge of …  由……管

105.take charge of (=to be or become responsible for) 负责管理（照顾）

106.charge…fo r因……索取（费用）；charge sb with sth 控告某人犯有……

107.round the clock (=all day and all night, usually without stopping) 昼夜不停地

108.comment on 评论

109.commit oneself to 使自己承担……；commit sb to prison 把某人送进监狱；commit one's idea to writing 把某人的想法写下来；mmit a matter to a committee 把某事交给委员会讨论

110.in common （和…）有共同之处，共用；be common to sb 是与某人所共有的

111.keep company with (=be friendly and go out together) 和……要好

112.compare…with…  把……与……比较

113.compare…to…  把……比作……

114.by comparison 比较起来

115.in comparison with (=in contrast to) 和……比起来

116.compensate for (=give sth. to make up for) 补偿，赔偿，弥补；compensate sb for sth 赔偿，弥补

117.complain of (or about) 抱怨；诉苦；控告；complain about 抱怨某人或事情；complain to sb about sth (or sb) 向某人抱怨……；complain (抱怨)；complement (补充)；compliment (恭维)

118.comply with (=act in accordance with a demand, order, rule etc.) 遵守，依从

119.conceive of (think of, imagine, consider) 想象，设想

120.concentrate on (or upon) 集中，专心

121.be concerned with (=about) 与……有关

122.concern oneself about / with 关心

123.in conclusion (=as the last thing) 最后一点；at the conclusion of 当……结束时

124.condemn sb to 判决

125.on condition that (=if) 以……为条件，假如；in that = because 因为；now that = since 既然；for all that = although 尽管

126.in / out of condition (=thoroughly healthy or fit / not fit) 健康状况好/不好；in good (bad) condition 处于良好(坏)状态

127.confess (to)(=admit a fault, crime, or sth wrong) 承认，供认；confess to a crime 承认罪行

128.confide in (=to talk freely to sb about one's secret) 对……讲真心话，依赖

129.in confidence 推心置腹地；with confidence 满怀信心地；have confidence in 对……有信心

130.confidence in sb. / sth. 对……的信赖

131.be confident of 有信心；confidential 机密的

132.confine…to… 把……限制在某范围内

133.confirm sb in 使某人更坚定（信念等）

134.conform to (=be in agreement with, comply with) 符合，遵照，遵守；
      1) obey 服从；2) observe;3) comply with 照……办；4) keep to 遵循；5) abide by 服从；6) stick to 按.……做

135.be confronted with (=be brought face to face with) 面对，面临

136.congratulate sb. on 祝贺

137.in connection with (=with regard to) 关于

138.be conscious of (=be aware of) 觉察，知道

139.consent to (=give agreement to permission) 同意

140.in consequence (=as a result) 结果

141.in consequence of (=as a consequence of) 由于……的结果

142.under consideration 在考虑中

143.in consideration of (=in return for, on account of, because of) 由于

144.on no consideration (in no case) 无论如何也不

145.take…into consideration (=take account of, take…into account) 考虑到，把……考虑进去

146.considerate (=thoughtful of the needs)体贴的，考虑他人需要的；considerable相当大的；值得考虑的

147.consist of (=be composed of)由……组成的；consist in 主要在于；consist with 符合，与……一致

148.be consistent with (=be in agreement with) 与……一致；be consistent in 一贯的

149.consult sb on/ about sth. 向……征求……方面的意，就……向……请教

150.to one's heart's content 尽情地，痛痛快快

151.be content with (=be satisfied with) 满足于；be content to do sth. 愿意做某事

152.contrary to (=in opposition to) 与……相反

153.on the contrary 相反

154.contrast…with 把……与……相对（对照）

155.in contrast to/with 和……形成对比；by contrast 对比之下

156.contribute to 有助于

157.under control  （被）控制住；out of control 无法控制

158.at one's convenience (=where and when it suits one) 在方便的时间或地点；be convenient to / for 对……方便

159.convince sb of (=cause sb. to believe or feel certain; to persuade sb) 使某人确信；try to persuade sb to do sth 劝说某人做……

160.cope with (=deal with, try to find a solution to) 应付，处理

161.in the corner (of) 在角落里；on (at) the comer of a street 在街道拐弯处；round the comer 拐过弯；be in a tight corner 陷入困境

162.correspond (with) (=exchange letters regularly) 通信

163.correspond to 相当于；correspond with 符合，一致

164.at all costs 不惜任何代价； at the cost of 以……为代价

165.a matter of course 理所当然的事

166.as a matter of course 当然地，自然地

167.in (during) the course 在……过程中

168.in due course (=without too much delay) 没经过太久，到一定时候

169.on credit 赊购；with credit 以优异成绩；to one's credit 使某人感到光荣；do sb credit 使……感到光荣

170.be critical of 爱挑毛病的，批评的

171.cure sb. of+某种疾病 治好某人的疾病

172.a danger to 对……的危险；be in danger (of) 处于……危险中；be out of danger 脱离危险

173.to date (=so far, until now) 到目前为止

174.out of date 过时的；up to date 新式的，时兴的；date back to 可追溯到；date from 从某时期开始（有）

175.deal with (=concern) 论及

176.be in debt to sb 欠……的债

177.on the decline 在衰退中，在减少中；in decline 下降；on the increase 在增加

178.to one's delight 令某人感到高兴；to one's regret 遗憾；sorrow 悲痛；relief 安心；distress 苦恼；shame 羞愧；surprise 惊奇；astonishment 惊奇

179.delight in (=take great pleasure in doing sth) 喜欢，取乐

180.take (a) delight in 喜欢干……，以……为乐

181.demand sth. of sb. 向某人要求（非物质的）东西.；demand sth from sb. 向某人要求（物质的）东西

182.in demand 有需求；on demand 受到要求时

183.be dependent on 依靠

184.deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人某物

185.derive…from (=obtain…from) 从……取得，由……来的；derive from (=come from) 起源于

186.despair of (=lose all hope of) 绝望

187.in despair 绝望

188.despite (=in spite of) 不管，尽管

189.in detail 详细地

190.deviate from 偏离，不按……办

191.on a diet 吃某种特殊饮食，节食

192.differ from…in 与……的区别在于……

193.in difficulties… 有困难，处境困难

194.discharge sb. (from)…for (=dismiss sb. from a job for) 因……解雇，开除

195.fall back (=retreat, turn back) 撤退；in disorder 慌乱地，狼狈不堪

196.on display (=being shown publicly) 陈列

197.dispose of (=get rid of, throw away) 处理掉

198.beyond dispute 不容争议的，无可争议

199.in dispute 在争议中

200.in the distance 在远处；make out 辩认出

201.(be) distinct from (= be different from) 与……截然不同

202.distinguish between (=make or recognize differences) 辨别

203.distinguish…from 把……与……区别开

204.do away with (=get rid of; abolish; discard eliminate) 除去，废除，取消；do away with (=kill) 杀掉，镇压

205.have…to do with 与……有关系

206.without doubt (=undoubtedly) 无可置疑地

207.in doubt (=in a condition of uncertainty) 对……表示疑惑

208.be due to 是由于

209.come off duty 下班

210.go on duty 上班

211.be on duty 值班，值日，在上班时

212.be in duty bound to (do) (=be required by one's job or esp. by conscience) 有义务（做）

213.be eager for 想得到，盼望

214.by ear (=play music from memory without having seen it printed) 凭记忆，不看乐谱

215.have an ear for (=have keen recognition of sounds esp. in music and language) 对.……有鉴赏力

216.a word in one's ear 私房话，秘密话

217.on earth 究竟，到底，全然

218.with ease (= easily) 容易，不费力

219.at (one's) ease (= without worry or nervousness) 自在，不拘束

220.put sb at his / her ease (=free sb. from worry or nervousness) 使某人感到无拘束

221.economize on (=save sth instead of being wasteful) 节省

222.have an effect on 对……有影响