小明英语课堂第一季视频 第6课:换挡

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教案：

Hello and welcome to Xiaoming Yingyu. Welcome to class for today!
欢迎来到小明英语

So our slang for today is "change gears" or “shift gears"
我们今天的俚语是“换挡”

If you like riding a bike, or driving a car, you might know what gears are
如果你喜欢骑车或者开车，你应该知道档位

Gears are what you change when you want to change speeds
变换档位可以变换速度

For example, when I ride a bike, and I’m riding on some flat ground
当我在平路上骑车的时候

I usually keep the gear pretty high
我一般用比较高的档
because I can push a lot, and go really fast
这样我可以使劲蹬并且速度很快

But, if I’m going up a slope
但是当我上坡的时候

then I have to shift gears into a lower number so that I can go up
我需要把档降低

And it’s slower, but it’s a lot easier
虽然慢一些，但是上坡很省力

So the basic meaning of changing gears is changing speed
所以换挡的意思就是变换速度

But it can also mean to change direction quickly
但是它的意思也是快速的变化方向

for example, if you’re having a conversation with someone, or if you’re writing a passage
可以在和别人聊天或者写作的时候使用

For example, I was talking to someone about
例如我和别人在聊我课上学到的内容

what I was learning in class, and I wanted to talk about news
然后我想聊新闻

So what I said was, "blah blah blah…and that was my last class for the day. Now, let us shift gears
我说，。。。 这是我这天的最后一节课。现在让我们换换挡。

Did you hear about the escaped llama in Guatemala?"
你听说了那只从危地马拉逃走的草泥马吗？

So it’s kind of related to cars and bikes
所以是和骑车和自行车有关联的

but instead of changing speed, it’s all about changing direction
但是是关于变换方向而不是变换速度

Now, let’s change gears and talk about sentence structure
现在让我们来讲每日句型

Here’s our example for today. Computers are a tool from which you get a lot of information
这是今天的例子：电脑是一个可以获取很多信息的工具

"A is a B from which you get C"
A是B，从B里你可以获取C

We have one more example. Oranges are a fruit are a fruit from which you get lots of Vitamin C
还有一个例子。橘子是一个可以获取到很多维他命D的水果

Why don’t you try making a sentence? You can post it in the comments
你也来试试吧。你可以把自己造的句子写在评论里

And today, we’re trying something new. I’m going to tell you about where a word came from.
今天我们来试试一个新的环节。让我来告诉你一个单词的根源

There is a word for this: etymology
这个术语叫做词源学

Because English is a mixture of a lot of languages
因为英语是由很多语言构成的

learning the etymology, or history and origin behind a word
了解一个单词的历史和根源

will unlock the meanings for a lot of new words
可以让你知道很多单词的意思

A good word to start with is the one I just taught you
拿刚刚说过的单词来讲

An "etymon" is a root, from which another word can be created.
etymon是一个词根，可以用来去造另外一个词

In Greek, "etymon" meant the pure meaning of a word
在希腊语里，etymon的意思是一个单词的纯意

And so you can hear "etymon" is the first part of "Etymology"
你也可以看到，etymon是etymology的一部分

The "pure meaning of a word" is the root behind the word "talking about the history of words"
“一个单词的纯意”是“研究单词历史”中的词根

A little confusing, right? I have a few more for you
是不是被我说晕了？我们再试试吧

If you want to talk about an etymon, you can call it the "etymic" form of a word
如果你在说etymon，你可以把它叫做一个单词的etymic形式

So "etymon" is the noun, "etymic" is the adjective. You can tell because of the "ic" at the very end
Etymon是名词，etymic是形容词，因为它是以ic结尾的

If you see a word that ends in "ic" it should make you think, right away, "aha!" that’s an adjective
当你看到一个单词以ic结尾，你应该立刻就直到它是一个形容词

And a person who likes to study etymology is an etymologist
一个喜欢研究etymology的人是etymologist（词源学家）

And soon, we will all be etymologists!
我们很快都会成为词源学家啦

They like to do a certain thing in their free time, you can guess what that’s called?
词源学家都喜欢做一件事，是什么呢？

Yes! They like to etymologize
对，就是etymologize（研究词源学）

That is the verb form. And they like to talk about all sorts of etymological things
这是动词。他们喜欢讨论etymological things（词源学有关的事情）

"Etymology" remember, is the noun. If you add "ical" it also turns it into an adjective
要记住，etymology是名字。如果你加上ical，它就成为了一个形容词

Thank you for joining us at XiaoMing Yingyu
欢迎来到小明英语
I hope you learned something new in class today
我希望你今天学到了一些新的知识

and that you will join us again tomorrow
欢迎明天再次见到你

If you have any questions or comments, follow me on my Weibo, and we can talk!
如果你有任何问题或建议，来微博上关注我吧