冲击波英语专四系列：听写题型特点

决定听写难度的关键是体裁，因此考生需要了解历年听写试题的选材，同时熟悉各种体裁的框架。听写的选材广泛而不生僻，涉及记叙、描写和说明等文体，难度适中，不会超过听力理解部分的难度，词汇不超纲，不出现太生僻的人名、地名等专有名词，背景知识也不会太复杂，不超出大部分学生应掌握的常识。下面从体裁、结构、内容、词汇等方面来分析听写的特征。

1 体裁基本为说明文

以上是2005~2012年的听写选材。近几年的听写短文基本选用说明文，文章一般为简单说明，少有主观议论。这几年的听写材料大多来自英语原文网站，建议大家平时多听和阅读网站上的内容。即便没有原题，也可以了解英语语言和文化，拓宽知识面。

2 话题广泛，但不涉及专业知识

听写选材丰富，包括社会、文化、日常知识、科普常识等，所涉及的背景知识能为学生所理解，不需要特定的专业知识。考生尤其需要引起重视的是，近几年的话题更加贴近我们的日常生活和文化，包括中国的传统文化，如2010年的新生的一周（来自BBC网站）、2009年的除夕。

例题1（2011真题）

British Holidaying Habits

In the late 1970s, air travel became affordable/ for the average family in the UK, /and more people started travelling abroad for their summer holidays./ After all, the British weather wasn’t
very good, even in summer,/ so a lot of people left the country for a vacation./ In the 1980s and 1990s, young people in the UK became wealthier on average./ As a result, they started to go abroad in groups,/ to places such as Spain and Greece./ Once they arrived at their destination/, they met with other groups of young people and had one long party./ British holidaying habits have begun to change, however./ Climate change means that the UK now has a hotter climate,/ so people do not need to go overseas to fi nd good weather. /Also, going abroad is more expensive./ As a result, more British people are choosing to spend their summer holidays in the UK./

最近几年的听写短文大多和文化相关。文化影响人们的生活习惯，一定程度上也会影响人们的思维方式和语言使用。所以，在外语学习过程中，同学们要通过学习英语了解英语文化和中国文化的异同，通过学习英语文化来了解英汉语言使用的异同。

3 短文主旨清晰，层次分明

听写短文具有主题突出、条理分明、层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强等特点。2012年生态旅游这篇听写材料的第一句话就是主题句，第二句话举例说明现在人们的生活方式尽量不会对环境造成破坏，如回收报纸、瓶子，乘坐公交车上班，购买本地产的水果和蔬菜。第三句话讲人们旅游时也特别注重保护环境，因此出现了各式各样的新式旅游。材料最后部分阐述这些新型旅游的特征。本篇听写材料的语言特征：相同含义的单词复现率较高，如tourism,语言简洁，没有特别难的单词和句式。

例题2（2012真题）

Eco-tourism

Nowadays, many of us try to live in a way/that will damage the environment as little as possible./ We recycle our newspapers and bottles, /we take public transport to get to work, and we try to buy
locally produced fruit and vegetables. /And we want to take these attitudes on holiday with us. /This is why alternative forms of tourism are becoming popular in the world. /There are lots of names for these new forms of tourism: /responsible tourism, nature tourism, adventure tourism, educational tourism, and more. /Although everyone may have a different defi nition, /most people agree that these new forms of tourism should do the following. /First, they should conserve the wildlife and culture of the area. /Second, they should benefi t the local people. /Third, they should make a profi t without destroying natural resources, /and fi nally they should provide an experience that tourists want to pay for. /

4 语言难度适中

所用词汇基本不超纲。文章一般不出现较生僻的人名和地名。句子结构不复杂，基本上以简单句和复合句为主。一篇短文通常会有两三个长句，但在朗读时停顿明显，比较容易判断。