冲击波英语专四系列：听力理解之短文考点分析

短文的篇幅在200词左右，语速为120词/分钟，念一遍。题材多样，涵盖科学、文化、教育、风俗、历史、人物、日常生活等各方面内容，体裁可分为记叙文、说明文、议论文和应用文。每篇短文后有3~4道题目，共10道。与对话部分相比，短文属于不同的体裁，句子相对较长，句式比较复杂。

一、考点围绕话题内容进行

考点围绕各种话题内容进行，考生若具备相关的话题知识，解题相对容易些。例如2007年第二则关于选课短文的考点就围绕课程设置，如开始时间长短、适合群体等重点内容进行。

二、从提问方式看考点

考试大纲规定英语专业四级的短文理解难度和托福短文相当，基本上也和大学英语六级的短文难度差不多，但是考查的理解技能有所差别，这一点从对话理解中也有所体现。

简单而言，英语专业四级的听力理解考查的一个重要理解技能就是对信息的筛选，对比理解能力，在命题过程中体现于信息比较的题占较大比重，兼顾对事实细节、主旨大意和说话者意图等理解能力的考查。

信息比较题：信息比较题考查考生处理不同信息的能力，大约有四分之一的题目属于信息比较题。常见的提问方式有：

Which of the following statements about the symbols is INCORRECT?
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Which of the following is CORRECT?
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
In the old days dogs were used for the following EXCEPT
Parents who abuse their children tend to have the following problems EXCEPT
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as part of hotel facilities for guests?
A hotel for an international conference should have the following EXCEPT
The following have been signifi cant in the area’s prosperity EXCEPT
Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci worked as all the following EXCEPT

题干中多采用否定词NOT或INCORRECT，或者EXCEPT等排他性质的词语，容易被忽视，造成答题失误，考生应当特别留意。

例题1（2012年真题）
If you are a resident, you will find it useful to open a bank account. All the large banks have a network of branches across the country, and all offer similar services. A visit to any one of them will be a friendly experience, however, to open an account you have to be prepared to prove your identity in a number of ways. You will find your passport useful. But the bank will also want to see some form of proof that you are living where you say you are. This can be proven by a housing rent book, a tax form, water or electricity bill for the property, as long as it’s in your name in the bank and elsewhere. You may hear the term utility bill, this simply refers to bills relating to the provision of services to your home, such as electricity, gas, water, and telephone. There are other local facilities, such as post offices, where you can save your money and have access to affordable low cost loans where they exist in your local area. Contact details can be obtained from the citizens advice bureau.

Questions:
11. In order to open a bank account, you need to produce____in addition to your passport.
A. a library card           B. a registration form
C. a telephone bill        D. a receipt

12. Which of the following might NOT be included in the ‘utility bill’?
A. Rent. B. Gas. C. Water. D. Telephone.

13. According to the passage, what can one do in the post office?
A. Getting contact details.  B. Obtaining tax forms.
C. Paying housing rents.    D. Applying for loans.

解析：这三道题目都是属于信息比较题，基本上都是属于细节类题目，无需推理。这类题目需要考生边听边做笔记，或者边听边浏览题目，按照录音顺序和题目顺序的对应方式来解答。

推理题：推理题无法直接从字面意思中获取信息，需要做一定的逻辑推理，获取隐含信息。常见的提问方式有：
The passage is mainly about
What is the main idea of the talk?
How should cheerleading be viewed according to the passage?
From the passage we can learn that the speaker
Which course(s) is(are) the shortest?
The passage probably comes from
According to the speaker, safety in dormitory means that you

例题2（2009年真题）
Recently a couple in New Zealand were forbidden from naming their baby son 4Real. Even though New Zealand has quite liberal rules about naming children, names beginning with a number are not allowed. They decided to call him Superman instead....

Question: According to New Zealand’s rules about naming children, which of the following
names is NOT acceptable?
A. Spiderman. B. Gandalf. C. 2win. D. Arsenal.

解析：这道题目属于典型的推理题：文中提到“4Real”这样的名字在新西兰不被接受，可知C也是同样的“数字+单词”规则，不可能被接受。

事实和细节题：这类题型在短文听力中占有很大比重。提问形式多样，特殊疑问句和一般陈述句都可用于考查考生获取具体信息和重要信息的能力。解答时，首先从题干中提炼关键词，按照题目的出现顺序，在听力的过程中留意和题干吻合的录音文字，一旦某一选项包含这样的信息，很有可能就是正确答案。近几年的提问形式有：

How do the cheerleaders perform their jobs?
How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he moved to Milan?
What does the speaker suggest girls do when they are going to be out late?
What is the speaker’s last advice?
What is the speaker going to do in the new place?
Why do the cheerleaders sometimes suffer physical injuries?
According to the passage, when are children fi rst expected to study hard?
Henry Durant put forward the idea because he
Meeting rooms of various sizes are needed for
According to the passage, the working conditions in the new place
According to the talk, the owner of a bike has to
The museum aims mainly to display
The museum was built in memory of those

以上提问中的黑体字可看作是解答这类题目的关键词。

例题3（2011年真题）
Higher education isn’t for everyone, and people have a variety of paths to choose from once they graduate from high school. They might know from the start that they want to go straight to the professional world. If you’re in the market for a job that doesn’t require a degree but does come with a nice salary, here are few jobs to consider: Assembly supervisors oversee workers who put together products by using power tools or other dangerous equipment. The annual salary is 59,926 dollars. At a construction site, assistant site managers report to the head site managers and plan, direct and coordinate the necessary tasks to complete that day’s activities. Salary— 86,584 dollars. An automobile service station manager draws up guidelines for gas stations and automotive repair shops and decides on hours of operation, assigns job duties and sets prices for services and products. Salary—81,793 dollars. Carpenter supervisors oversee carpentry work on a specifi ed project to ensure that workers are on schedule and executing plans accordingly. The supervisor also performs some of the carpentry duties if time permits. Salary—70,565 dollars. Airlines fl ight service managers ensure that fl ight attendants adhere to personal appearance and preflight requirements. They also compile flight reports. Salary—67,766 dollars.Illustrators design fonts and images for a variety of media, from Web sites to print campaigns and video. They often work for advertisement agencies. Salary—54,995 dollars.

Questions:
1. Which job will involve supervising workers using dangerous equipment?
2. Who will also decide on the prices of products and services?
3. Who may also do some of the work he supervises?
4. Which job offers the highest salary?

解析：这是一则介绍职业和薪水的短文，多数题目为细节题，最后一道题目为推理题。解答这类题目没有捷径，必须认真听，对照题目，做笔记。一定要记住听力录音的顺序和题目信息的顺序基本一致。