新托福口语做笔记技巧：要抓住材料的主题

　　为了给读者更多机会练习使用“TST表格”，特提供一下6个问题供大家练习。
　　补充练习：
　　1. Describe a place that you consider to be beautiful. Explain why certain qualities of this place make it beautiful. Include details and examples to support your explanation.
　　2. Some people relax by staying home. Others relax by going out. Which type of relaxation is better for your and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.-
　　3. Describe an occasion when you were surprised. What happened to you, and why did you feel surprised? Include details and examples in your explanation.
　　4. Some students prepare for tests by studying alone. Others prepare for tests by studying with other students or a tutor. Which study method do you think is better, and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
　　5.What type of home would you like to live in? Describe the characteristics of such a home and explain why you would like to live there. Include details and examples in your explanation.
　　6. Some people exercise early in the morning. Others exercise in the afternoon or evening. Which time of day do you think is better for exercising and why? Include details and examples in your explanation.
　　Note-taking in the Integrated Tasks
　　1. Reading─Listening─Speaking
　　第3题和第4题以试题中的阅读和听力材料为基础，要求考生回答相关问题。即Reading-Listening-Speaking，具体步骤是首先要求考生在45秒内阅读一篇短文，一般只含一个段落，随后短文隐去，播放一段与短文相关的对话或课堂演讲，其长度大约为1分半钟(比listening section中的材料篇幅要短)。最后，要求考生根据先前阅读的短文和所听到的材料回答相关问题，考生有30秒钟的准备时间，然后进行60秒钟的回答。而第5题和第6题要求考生先听一段听力材料，然后回答相关问题。即Listening-Speaking,听力材料通常有一段是情景对话，另一段是课堂演讲，其长度大约为1分半钟。
　　考生有20秒钟的准备时间，之后进行60秒钟的回答。在综合口语任务里，你所需要记笔记的内容就是在读短文和听材料的过程中记下材料中的“main points”、“examples”、“reasons”等等。.而是否能很快识别“信号词”(Signal Words)成为其中的关键。“信号词”(Signal Words或Transitions)是我们用来“追踪”说话人的思路的词汇，它就像“路标”一样指引着旅行者的方向。有了信号词，我们就知道说话人何时要举例子，何时要下结论，何时要解释原因等等。
　　1)信号词
　　*信号词的分类

种类	例词	所表达的含义
时间顺序 Time- Sequence	first, later, next, finally, before, after, now, previously, last, then, when, immediately, formerly, subsequently, presently, initially, ultimately meanwhile	说话人想按时间顺序叙述事件
举例 Example	for example, such as, for instance, illustrate	举例子说明： Black English used to be considered simply poor English until linguists realized that the so-called errors were actually consistent alternative grammatical forms, some of which originated in African linguistic patterns. For example, the word "be" in standard English is primarily used as part of the infinitive "to be." But in Black English, "be" can also be used to indicate a repeated action or existential state (Labov, 1972).
列举 Enumeration	and, too, finally, furthermore, first(ly), second, third, last, another, next	说话人罗列观点（有时想暗示各观点不同的重要性 ): Firstly, I would like to talk about classical music and its representative composers. Next I would like to talk about Jazz music and some influential albums in the history of Jazz. Finally, I will move on to pop music in the last century.
补充 Continuation	also, in addition, and, further, another, as well as	说话人在继续讨论同一话题，并欲补充更多的信息: A computer is often called a “thinking machine,” and in many ways it is just that. Computers perform difficult and timesaving mathematical computations, as well as problems in logic and reasoning. In addition, computers run other machines and answer questions. Also, they are used to guide astronauts on take-off.
比较或反差 Comparison or Contrast	比较类like, likewise, as, similarly, at the same time, as well as, both, all, in comparison, 反差类 on the other hand, in contrast, despite, nevertheless, yet, instead, rather, notwithstanding, though, regardless, unlike, although, even though, whereas but, in spite of, on the contrary, however,	说话人想说出一个与之前的观点相同，不甚相同甚至是相反的观点：The sex of the instructor affected the extent of active student participation. In classes taught by men with roughly equal proportions of male and female students, male students were responsible for about 75% of all class discussion. Similarly, with women as instructors, female student participation rose from 25% to 42%; in contrast, male participation slipped from 75% to 58%.
强调 Emphasis	important to note, most, above all, especially valuable, a central issue, especially relevant, should be noted, the most substantial issue, remember that, a major event, the principal item, pay particular attention to, the chief factor, most of all, a significant factor, a primary concern, a key feature, the main value	说话人想说出最重要最核心的内容，说话人用这些词引起听众的注意: Although the resources of our world are limited, the wants of people are not. Indeed, one of the most important assumptions of economics is that the total human wants can never be satisfied. No matter how much we have, we seem to want more. As people's income increase, so does their desire for more and better goods and services.
因果 Cause-Effect	because, accordingly, for this reason, hence, resulting, as a result, so, then, thus, therefore, since, consequently	说话人欲表现两个或多个事物之间的联系,尤其是它们之间的因果关系: Atherosclerosis is the result of the buildup of fat, fibrin, parts of dead cells, and calcium on the inside of the arteries. No one knows what causes this disease, but a number of things can speed its development. These include smoking cigarettes and eating animal fat and cholesterol. Others include age, hypertension, diabetes, stress, heredity, and sex (males have more heart attacks).
总结 Summary	thus, in short, to conclude, in brief, in the end, in summary, to reiterate, in conclusion, to sum up, finally, therefore, thus, as already stated	说话人欲复述或总结之前的话语：Euthanasia is defined as mercy killing, either by the sick people themselves or by their relatives or close friends. One controversial doctor is a strong proponent of this act: Dr. Jack Krevorkian. Dr. Krevorkian has publicly admitted to giving assistance to people who have committed suicide. As a result, he has been called a saint by some, a murderer by others.
定义 Definition	define, is defined as, known as, that is, the term means, we mean, we can state, we refer to	说话人欲给术语下定义：Our country has been obsessed with youth for far too many years. Age has been defined only as a decline from a peak of youth. Age is a fate worse than death. Negative stereotypes of older people are reinforced daily in the popular media, which contain very few examples of anyone 60 or older doing anything active or dynamic in society.