新托福口语做笔记技巧：要抓住材料的主题
2012-08-04来源:和谐英语
*信号词识别练习
为了让大家具有迅速识别信号词的能力，提供以下两则练习，大家做这两则练习时关键要在尽量短的时间内完成。
将下表中的信号词添人适当的横线中
for example differ consequently
therefore alike most significant
moreover as a result however
most important in addition such as
but for example similarly
also just as especially valuable
Emphasis ____________________________________________________________
Addition (Continuation)_________________________________________________
Comparison __________________________________________________________
Contrast_____________________________________________________________
Illustration (Example)__________________________________________________
请大家尽快划出下列短文中的信号词。短文后的数字暗示该短文中信号词的数量。
*One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-hanging and pleasure-giving practices. For instance, diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverages of all descriptions. But as with most pleasure, overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others. Also, not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted pleasure.
(4 signal words)
* Energy is used to cause chemical changes. For example, a chemical change occurs in the electroplating of metals when electrical energy is passed through a salt solution in which the metal is submerged. A chemical change also occurs when radiant energy from the sun is utilized by plants in the process of photosynthesis. Moreover, as we say, a chemical change occurs when heat causes mercuric oxide to decompose. Chemical changes are often used to produce energy rather than new substances. The heat or thrust generated during the combustion of fuels is more important than the products formed. (5 signal words)
* But even those pre-agricultural people who had fairly stationary living sites did not develop in civilizing ways comparable to the farmers. Agriculture probably required a far greater discipline than did any form of food collecting. Seeds had to be planted at certain seasons, some protection had to be given to the growing plants and animals, harvests had to be reaped. stored, and divided. Thus we might argue that it was neither leisure time nor a sedentary existence that produced great changes in human culture. The cause was rather the more rigorous demands associated with an agricultural way of life. Humanity was changing plants and animals to suit its needs, and living in close relation with plants and animals was changing humans way of life.
(9 signal words)
2)在阅读(Reading)短文时做笔记
在第3和第4题中你会碰到两篇阅读短文，你所需要记笔记的内容就是在读短文的过程中记下材料中的“main point”以及“examples”和“reasons”等等。切忌写下过多的细节，或为了记笔记而忽略了中心思想。见下例(注意加黑处的信号词)：
Isaac Asimov
Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) was an amazing author who wrote an astounding amount of material on an even more astounding variety of subjects. His literary studies included line-by-line analyses of all of the play of Shakespeare; his historical research included works on the history of Greece, the Roman Empire, England, and France; he also wrote well-researched tomes on physics, chemistry, and astronomy. What he is most likely best known for today, however, is science fiction: his Foundation series on a galactic empire inspired by Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and the / Robot series about a future society where humans and robots coexist. In total, Asimov wrote more than 500 books on this wide variety of subjects.
从信号词我们知道：
TOPIC OF READING PASSAGE: author Isaac Asimov
Main points about Asimov：
* wrote a huge amount of material (more than 500 books);
*wrote on a wide variety of topics (literary analysis, history, physics, chemistry, astronomy, science fiction)
以下是两篇阅读短文，请迅速识别出其信号词，并做出笔记：
The Dead Sea
The Middle Eastern body of water called Bahr Lut in Arabic is known as the Dead Sea in English. This body of water is said to be "dead" not because it is the dried-out remnant to survive in it. The Dead Sea is a landlocked body of water with the Jordan River as its source and no outlet. Its high salt content, which results from the rapid evaporation due to the area s extremely high temperatures, makes it the saltiest body of water on Earth.
Polling
Polling is, of course, a survey of certain people to find out how they feel about an issue or about a candidate for a government post in an election. Polling involves, simply, asking people how they feel about an issue or a person and them tallying the results. When it is not feasible to contact everyone involved to find out what each person thinks because there are, for example, too many people to contact each one individually, then a representative sample of people can be polled and the results of the representative sample can be attributed to the population as a whole.
3)在听对话或讲座时做笔记(Listening)
在听讲座或对话时，你需要关注主要观点(major points)以及为了支撑其观点所使用的例子(examples)和原因(causes)
Listening Passage:
(Professor): Now I'm sure you're all wondering how Asimov managed to write so much. Well, the simple answer's that he did almost nothing except writing because that's what he was driven to do.
Asimov's normal routine was to spend time, a lot of time, writing every day. He usually got up at 6 o'clock in the morning; he was at work writing by 7:30 in the morning, and he wrote until 10 o'clock in the evening. That's a lot of time to spend writing. This desire to spend so much time writing prompted Asimov himself to say "Writing is my only interest. Even speaking is an interruption."
TOPIC OF LISTENING PASSAGE: how Asimov wrote so much
Main points about topic:
* Asimov wrote from 7: 30 in the morning to 10 o'clock in the evening.
* Asimov said, "Writing is my only interest."
4)整合笔记，最终开口(Speaking)
以上我们讨论过如何在读文章和听材料时做笔记，现在我们已经拥有两
份笔记，可以开始答题了，不过答题以前，需要明确以下几点：
*你的准备时间为30秒，回答时间为1分钟，回答须同时包括所听的材料和所读文章中的信息;
*在答题时不要涉及个人观点，不要说例如“I think”之类的话。你的回答应该仅仅跟所读的文章和所听的材料有关。
*在Reading-Listening-Speaking部分中，可能会问你以下几个向题：
复述对话中所涉及到的一个观点
总结说话人得出某个观点的原因
描述听力材料中教挽谈及的问题
解释听力材料与阅读材料的联系
*此部分的评分标准
听力和阅读材料中提炼出相关信息
用听力和阅读材料中的适当细节和观点答题
观点表达前后连贯一致
表达清晰易懂
*在30秒钟的准备时间中，请务必仔细阅读问题的题干，听完材料后查阅
阅读材料和听力材料的笔记，提炼主要观点和说出支撑论点的2～3个分论点。
*回答时间为1分钟，时间应该完全够用。语速适中，切记不要着急，请留意时间，你有20秒来展开每一个分论点。
*表达必须连贯一致，符合逻辑顺序，适当使用Signal Words, 如下：
*如欲介绍两个材料中的主要观点：
The man's opinion is that...
The woman believes that...
According to the lecture...
The professor made the point that...
The reading states that...
为了让大家具有迅速识别信号词的能力，提供以下两则练习，大家做这两则练习时关键要在尽量短的时间内完成。
将下表中的信号词添人适当的横线中
for example differ consequently
therefore alike most significant
moreover as a result however
most important in addition such as
but for example similarly
also just as especially valuable
Emphasis ____________________________________________________________
Addition (Continuation)_________________________________________________
Comparison __________________________________________________________
Contrast_____________________________________________________________
Illustration (Example)__________________________________________________
请大家尽快划出下列短文中的信号词。短文后的数字暗示该短文中信号词的数量。
*One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-hanging and pleasure-giving practices. For instance, diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverages of all descriptions. But as with most pleasure, overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others. Also, not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted pleasure.
(4 signal words)
* Energy is used to cause chemical changes. For example, a chemical change occurs in the electroplating of metals when electrical energy is passed through a salt solution in which the metal is submerged. A chemical change also occurs when radiant energy from the sun is utilized by plants in the process of photosynthesis. Moreover, as we say, a chemical change occurs when heat causes mercuric oxide to decompose. Chemical changes are often used to produce energy rather than new substances. The heat or thrust generated during the combustion of fuels is more important than the products formed. (5 signal words)
* But even those pre-agricultural people who had fairly stationary living sites did not develop in civilizing ways comparable to the farmers. Agriculture probably required a far greater discipline than did any form of food collecting. Seeds had to be planted at certain seasons, some protection had to be given to the growing plants and animals, harvests had to be reaped. stored, and divided. Thus we might argue that it was neither leisure time nor a sedentary existence that produced great changes in human culture. The cause was rather the more rigorous demands associated with an agricultural way of life. Humanity was changing plants and animals to suit its needs, and living in close relation with plants and animals was changing humans way of life.
(9 signal words)
2)在阅读(Reading)短文时做笔记
在第3和第4题中你会碰到两篇阅读短文，你所需要记笔记的内容就是在读短文的过程中记下材料中的“main point”以及“examples”和“reasons”等等。切忌写下过多的细节，或为了记笔记而忽略了中心思想。见下例(注意加黑处的信号词)：
Isaac Asimov
Isaac Asimov (1920-1992) was an amazing author who wrote an astounding amount of material on an even more astounding variety of subjects. His literary studies included line-by-line analyses of all of the play of Shakespeare; his historical research included works on the history of Greece, the Roman Empire, England, and France; he also wrote well-researched tomes on physics, chemistry, and astronomy. What he is most likely best known for today, however, is science fiction: his Foundation series on a galactic empire inspired by Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire and the / Robot series about a future society where humans and robots coexist. In total, Asimov wrote more than 500 books on this wide variety of subjects.
从信号词我们知道：
TOPIC OF READING PASSAGE: author Isaac Asimov
Main points about Asimov：
* wrote a huge amount of material (more than 500 books);
*wrote on a wide variety of topics (literary analysis, history, physics, chemistry, astronomy, science fiction)
以下是两篇阅读短文，请迅速识别出其信号词，并做出笔记：
The Dead Sea
The Middle Eastern body of water called Bahr Lut in Arabic is known as the Dead Sea in English. This body of water is said to be "dead" not because it is the dried-out remnant to survive in it. The Dead Sea is a landlocked body of water with the Jordan River as its source and no outlet. Its high salt content, which results from the rapid evaporation due to the area s extremely high temperatures, makes it the saltiest body of water on Earth.
Polling
Polling is, of course, a survey of certain people to find out how they feel about an issue or about a candidate for a government post in an election. Polling involves, simply, asking people how they feel about an issue or a person and them tallying the results. When it is not feasible to contact everyone involved to find out what each person thinks because there are, for example, too many people to contact each one individually, then a representative sample of people can be polled and the results of the representative sample can be attributed to the population as a whole.
3)在听对话或讲座时做笔记(Listening)
在听讲座或对话时，你需要关注主要观点(major points)以及为了支撑其观点所使用的例子(examples)和原因(causes)
Listening Passage:
(Professor): Now I'm sure you're all wondering how Asimov managed to write so much. Well, the simple answer's that he did almost nothing except writing because that's what he was driven to do.
Asimov's normal routine was to spend time, a lot of time, writing every day. He usually got up at 6 o'clock in the morning; he was at work writing by 7:30 in the morning, and he wrote until 10 o'clock in the evening. That's a lot of time to spend writing. This desire to spend so much time writing prompted Asimov himself to say "Writing is my only interest. Even speaking is an interruption."
TOPIC OF LISTENING PASSAGE: how Asimov wrote so much
Main points about topic:
* Asimov wrote from 7: 30 in the morning to 10 o'clock in the evening.
* Asimov said, "Writing is my only interest."
4)整合笔记，最终开口(Speaking)
以上我们讨论过如何在读文章和听材料时做笔记，现在我们已经拥有两
份笔记，可以开始答题了，不过答题以前，需要明确以下几点：
*你的准备时间为30秒，回答时间为1分钟，回答须同时包括所听的材料和所读文章中的信息;
*在答题时不要涉及个人观点，不要说例如“I think”之类的话。你的回答应该仅仅跟所读的文章和所听的材料有关。
*在Reading-Listening-Speaking部分中，可能会问你以下几个向题：
复述对话中所涉及到的一个观点
总结说话人得出某个观点的原因
描述听力材料中教挽谈及的问题
解释听力材料与阅读材料的联系
*此部分的评分标准
听力和阅读材料中提炼出相关信息
用听力和阅读材料中的适当细节和观点答题
观点表达前后连贯一致
表达清晰易懂
*在30秒钟的准备时间中，请务必仔细阅读问题的题干，听完材料后查阅
阅读材料和听力材料的笔记，提炼主要观点和说出支撑论点的2～3个分论点。
*回答时间为1分钟，时间应该完全够用。语速适中，切记不要着急，请留意时间，你有20秒来展开每一个分论点。
*表达必须连贯一致，符合逻辑顺序，适当使用Signal Words, 如下：
*如欲介绍两个材料中的主要观点：
The man's opinion is that...
The woman believes that...
According to the lecture...
The professor made the point that...
The reading states that...
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