新托福口语做笔记技巧：要抓住材料的主题
2012-08-04来源:和谐英语
请看以下例子：
例1：Reading
FUNGI AND PLANT DISEASE
Of all the organisms responsible for diseases in plants, fungi cause the most problems. Although a fungus is technically a small plant, it cannot make its own food and therefore survives by being a parasite-living off other plant hosts. A common fungus, southern blight, affects many vegetables, including tomatoes and potatoes. It appears as a fuzzy white growth on the plant's stem near soil level. When the plant is infected with the blight, it wilts and then dies. The fungus may spread to the soil, where it can survive for years.
Listening and Speaking
(Narrator) Now listen to part of a lecture in a botany class.
(Professor)
Of all the organisms responsible for diseases in plants, fungi cause the most problems. Although a fungus is technically a small plant, it cannot make its own food and therefore survives by being a parasite-living off other plant hosts. A common fungus, southern blight, affects many vegetables, including tomatoes and potatoes. It appears as a fuzzy white growth on the plant' s stem near soil level. When the plant is infected with the blight, it wilts and then dies. The fungus may spread to the soil, where it can survive for years. Because a fungus can survive for years in soil, the best way to control such a disease is to remove and destroy the infected plants, as well as six centimeters of soil around them. Avoid spreading disease by washing off your tools and your shoes when you go from an infected area to a healthy part of your garden. At the end of the gardening season, do a complete cleanup.
You can also keep disease away by rotating crops. Crop rotation can be effective in preventing soil-borne disease, especially when the disease is caused by a fungus that likes specific plants. For example, the fungus that causes southern blight is attracted to tomatoes. Once this fungus is present, it will thrive in the soil from year to year, attacking the tomato plants.
With crop rotation, you don't grow the same plant in the same place for at least three consecutive years. So, for example, if you grow tomatoes one year, the next year you shouldn't plant tomatoes in the same place. By planting something else the second and third years, any tomato-loving fungus that survived the winter wouldn't have any tomato plants to feed on. With three years between planting tomatoes, the fungus will die off from lack of a host plant.
Question (Narrator)
Explain ways that a gardener can control plant disease caused by a fungus, and explain why these methods work.
(Preparation Time : 30 seconds ; Response Time: 60 seconds )
Here are two notes that two students took during the sample lecture. Add other words and phrases that you think are important to remember about the lecture.
Student 1 Student 2
fungus, soil, years control fungus
destroy plants, soil around remove 6 cm soil
wash tools, shoes crop rotation
specific, tomato blight fungus cause disease
crop rotation─ soil-year to year
tomatoes 3 years
don't plant same place 1 tomato
sev. yrs betw. 2 other plants
fungus die off fungus die, lack host
Response by Student 1
A gardener can control plant disease caused by a fungus. One way is to
destroy sick plants and also destroy the soil around plants. This method works because a fungus lives in the soil. Another way is to wash tools and shoes. This will avoid spreading the disease. Another way is to use crop rotation for a tomato blight. Don't plant tomatoes in the same place every year. This method works because the fungus will die off. The reason is there are no tomato plants to eat.
Response by Student 2
A fungus kills plants because it lives in the soil. You can control fungus by removing infected plants and six centimeters of the soil. Also, crop rotation can control plant disease caused by a fungus. The fungus lives in soil year to year, so crop rotation is three years. For example, plant tomatoes in the first year. In the second and third year, plant other plants. Crop rotation causes the fungus to die because it lacks a host plant.
点评：两位学生都较圆满地完成了任务，不但提供了两个材料中的相关信息发展观点时也使用了适当的细节，而且表达前后连贯一致。听完这个材料后你所做的笔记应该类似于下面的文字：
例 2: Listening (Woman) Hi, Brett.
(Man) Hi, Karen.
(Woman) You don't look too happy, Brett. Is anything the matter?
(Man) You can tell I' m upset just by looking at me?
(Woman) Yeah, it's pretty obvious. You want to tell me what's bothering you?
(Man) Well, it's that I m having trouble in my economics class, and I just talked to the professor. She didn't seem too sympathetic.
(Woman) She didn't ? What's the problem?
(Man) Well, it's that I'm on the baseball team.
(Woman) I know. I've seen you play. But what does that have to do with your economics class?
(Man) It's the away games. That's the problem. The away games are all on the weekend, but usually when we' re traveling to another school for a weekend game, we leave on Friday. The team bus usually leaves about noon on Friday.
(Woman) And that has something to do with your economics class?
(Man) Yeah, my economics class meets on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in the afternoon!
(Woman) I see. So you miss your economics class once in a while on Friday afternoons?
(Man) Not just once in a while. It's been every Friday for the last four weeks.
(Woman) And you talked to your economics professor about this?
(Man) Yes, I did. And I told her why I missed class on Fridays.
(Woman) But she wasn't very sympathetic you said.
(Man) She wasn't sympathetic at all.
(Woman) I think that's because you've missed so many classes... Listen, have you thought about switching to a different section of the class? I think there's another section of the same class on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
(Man) I hadn't thought about that. Maybe that would be something to consider, since my professor's not at all happy that I miss class so much.
听完了这个材料后你所做的笔记应该类似于下面的文字：
TOPIC OF LISTENING PASSAGE: problem man is having with economics class
Main points about problem:
* Man is missing economics class on Fridays because he is on the baseball team.
* Woman suggests changing to a different section of economics class that does not meet on Fridays.
这道题的问题如下：
Question
How does the woman react to the man's problem?
用以上的笔记，很容易回答这个问题，别忘了使用一些信号词来组织自
己的回答：
Sample Answer
In this listening passage, two students discuss a problem the man has with his economics class. First, the man explains that he has the problem that he is missing his economics class on Fridays because he is on the baseball team and he travels to away games on Fridays. Then after the woman understands this problem, she suggests that he change to a different section of economics class, one that does not meet on Fridays.
备考建议
词汇准备：建立流畅表达所需要的词汇，尤其是信号词。信号词的恰当使用会使你的表达更诚畅，更连贯。
发音准备：提高发音的同时，尤其要主要单词重音和语音语调。
录制准备：将自己的声音录下来，听一听有什么问题。
笔记准备：平时多听、多看大学讲座、纪录片和英语新闻，边听边做笔记，尽量抓住材料的主题。
例1：Reading
FUNGI AND PLANT DISEASE
Of all the organisms responsible for diseases in plants, fungi cause the most problems. Although a fungus is technically a small plant, it cannot make its own food and therefore survives by being a parasite-living off other plant hosts. A common fungus, southern blight, affects many vegetables, including tomatoes and potatoes. It appears as a fuzzy white growth on the plant's stem near soil level. When the plant is infected with the blight, it wilts and then dies. The fungus may spread to the soil, where it can survive for years.
Listening and Speaking
(Narrator) Now listen to part of a lecture in a botany class.
(Professor)
Of all the organisms responsible for diseases in plants, fungi cause the most problems. Although a fungus is technically a small plant, it cannot make its own food and therefore survives by being a parasite-living off other plant hosts. A common fungus, southern blight, affects many vegetables, including tomatoes and potatoes. It appears as a fuzzy white growth on the plant' s stem near soil level. When the plant is infected with the blight, it wilts and then dies. The fungus may spread to the soil, where it can survive for years. Because a fungus can survive for years in soil, the best way to control such a disease is to remove and destroy the infected plants, as well as six centimeters of soil around them. Avoid spreading disease by washing off your tools and your shoes when you go from an infected area to a healthy part of your garden. At the end of the gardening season, do a complete cleanup.
You can also keep disease away by rotating crops. Crop rotation can be effective in preventing soil-borne disease, especially when the disease is caused by a fungus that likes specific plants. For example, the fungus that causes southern blight is attracted to tomatoes. Once this fungus is present, it will thrive in the soil from year to year, attacking the tomato plants.
With crop rotation, you don't grow the same plant in the same place for at least three consecutive years. So, for example, if you grow tomatoes one year, the next year you shouldn't plant tomatoes in the same place. By planting something else the second and third years, any tomato-loving fungus that survived the winter wouldn't have any tomato plants to feed on. With three years between planting tomatoes, the fungus will die off from lack of a host plant.
Question (Narrator)
Explain ways that a gardener can control plant disease caused by a fungus, and explain why these methods work.
(Preparation Time : 30 seconds ; Response Time: 60 seconds )
Here are two notes that two students took during the sample lecture. Add other words and phrases that you think are important to remember about the lecture.
Student 1 Student 2
fungus, soil, years control fungus
destroy plants, soil around remove 6 cm soil
wash tools, shoes crop rotation
specific, tomato blight fungus cause disease
crop rotation─ soil-year to year
tomatoes 3 years
don't plant same place 1 tomato
sev. yrs betw. 2 other plants
fungus die off fungus die, lack host
Response by Student 1
A gardener can control plant disease caused by a fungus. One way is to
destroy sick plants and also destroy the soil around plants. This method works because a fungus lives in the soil. Another way is to wash tools and shoes. This will avoid spreading the disease. Another way is to use crop rotation for a tomato blight. Don't plant tomatoes in the same place every year. This method works because the fungus will die off. The reason is there are no tomato plants to eat.
Response by Student 2
A fungus kills plants because it lives in the soil. You can control fungus by removing infected plants and six centimeters of the soil. Also, crop rotation can control plant disease caused by a fungus. The fungus lives in soil year to year, so crop rotation is three years. For example, plant tomatoes in the first year. In the second and third year, plant other plants. Crop rotation causes the fungus to die because it lacks a host plant.
点评：两位学生都较圆满地完成了任务，不但提供了两个材料中的相关信息发展观点时也使用了适当的细节，而且表达前后连贯一致。听完这个材料后你所做的笔记应该类似于下面的文字：
例 2: Listening (Woman) Hi, Brett.
(Man) Hi, Karen.
(Woman) You don't look too happy, Brett. Is anything the matter?
(Man) You can tell I' m upset just by looking at me?
(Woman) Yeah, it's pretty obvious. You want to tell me what's bothering you?
(Man) Well, it's that I m having trouble in my economics class, and I just talked to the professor. She didn't seem too sympathetic.
(Woman) She didn't ? What's the problem?
(Man) Well, it's that I'm on the baseball team.
(Woman) I know. I've seen you play. But what does that have to do with your economics class?
(Man) It's the away games. That's the problem. The away games are all on the weekend, but usually when we' re traveling to another school for a weekend game, we leave on Friday. The team bus usually leaves about noon on Friday.
(Woman) And that has something to do with your economics class?
(Man) Yeah, my economics class meets on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, in the afternoon!
(Woman) I see. So you miss your economics class once in a while on Friday afternoons?
(Man) Not just once in a while. It's been every Friday for the last four weeks.
(Woman) And you talked to your economics professor about this?
(Man) Yes, I did. And I told her why I missed class on Fridays.
(Woman) But she wasn't very sympathetic you said.
(Man) She wasn't sympathetic at all.
(Woman) I think that's because you've missed so many classes... Listen, have you thought about switching to a different section of the class? I think there's another section of the same class on Tuesdays and Thursdays.
(Man) I hadn't thought about that. Maybe that would be something to consider, since my professor's not at all happy that I miss class so much.
听完了这个材料后你所做的笔记应该类似于下面的文字：
TOPIC OF LISTENING PASSAGE: problem man is having with economics class
Main points about problem:
* Man is missing economics class on Fridays because he is on the baseball team.
* Woman suggests changing to a different section of economics class that does not meet on Fridays.
这道题的问题如下：
Question
How does the woman react to the man's problem?
用以上的笔记，很容易回答这个问题，别忘了使用一些信号词来组织自
己的回答：
Sample Answer
In this listening passage, two students discuss a problem the man has with his economics class. First, the man explains that he has the problem that he is missing his economics class on Fridays because he is on the baseball team and he travels to away games on Fridays. Then after the woman understands this problem, she suggests that he change to a different section of economics class, one that does not meet on Fridays.
备考建议
词汇准备：建立流畅表达所需要的词汇，尤其是信号词。信号词的恰当使用会使你的表达更诚畅，更连贯。
发音准备：提高发音的同时，尤其要主要单词重音和语音语调。
录制准备：将自己的声音录下来，听一听有什么问题。
笔记准备：平时多听、多看大学讲座、纪录片和英语新闻，边听边做笔记，尽量抓住材料的主题。
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