托福考试之写作复习指导:思路篇

　　8． suicide is always irrational
　　9． the dying are too sick to know what they want
　　10．the dying should look to hospices that dispense painkillers
　　11．it can be abused by greedy persons seeking an inheritance

　　18．Capital Punishment
　　For：
　　1． it frightens would-be criminals (acts as a deterrent )
　　2． it serves as a just reward for killers
　　3． it lowers crime rates
　　4． it is more economical than a life sentence (saves the state money)
　　5． in rare cases it may lead to the death of an innocent person, but this cannot be helped
　　6． most countries practice it
　　7． killers should not be allowed to become hero-figures
　　8． a life sentence is never for life but for only a few years
　　9． killers are heartless and cruel and should not be protected by sociologists
　　Against ：
　　1． it frightens no one
　　2． it is motivated by revenge and not justice
　　3． it does not lower crime rates
　　4． it can lead to the death of an innocent person (a mistake)
　　5． it is a barbaric practice (hanging, electric chairs, gas chambers)
　　6． it is unjust because only God can take away life
　　7． the real solution to crime is the elimination of social injustices and rehabilitation
　　8． killers are often mentally ill and in need of medical treatment
　　9． the death penalty is being abandoned by many countries

　　
　　19．Trade Protectionism
　　For ：
　　1． industries need government protection
　　2． no nation can allow its industries to be destroyed
　　3． agriculture must be protected for national security reasons
　　4． real free trade doesn' t exist and never has
　　5． national security is more important than idealistic trade principles
　　6． it has made Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan prosperous
　　7． every nation ' s economy is shaped by its own culture
　　8． there are various forms of free-market economy
　　9． every nation should have an industrial policy
　　10．governments must provide jobs for their workers by whatever means
　　Against ：

　　1． it invites retaliation
　　2． it invites reciprocity based on a quid pro quo basis
　　3． it impedes world trade and prosperity
　　4． it hurts poor, underdeveloped countries
　　5． it leads to trade wars
　　6． it makes industries less competitive
　　7． it costs taxpayers large sums of money
　　8． it gives consumers less choice
　　9． it is denounced by most nations
　　10．it is based not just on high tariffs but also on government regulations, inspections, 　　　　　certification, and distribution

　　20．Nuclear Power
　　For：
　　1． it provides huge amounts of energy from small amounts of fuel
　　2． it is the best source of energy for countries without oil
　　3． the world' s supply of oil will be exhausted in 90 years
　　4． it already produces most of the energy needs of some countries
　　5． it could supply all the world' s electricity for millions of years if fully developed
　　6． it is safe if properly supervised
　　7． nuclear power plants create less air pollution than fossil-fuel power plants
　　8． the issue has become far too emotional
　　Against ：
　　1． it is too dangerous (e.g., Chernobyl accident)
　　2． most people are afraid of it
　　3． the world' s supply of uranium is fast decreasing
　　4． it is better to develop other sources of energy (e.g., fusion)
　　5． radioactive wastes cannot be disposed of
　　6． it can produce nuclear weapons for warfare
　　7． certain radical world leaders are trying to buy nuclear weapons
　　8． nuclear plants are expensive to build
　　9． the U.S. is slowly closing down its nuclear power plants
　　10．nuclear wastes can cause cancer