托福考试之写作复习指导:思路篇

　　For ：
　　1． it is humane
　　2． the rich should help the poor
　　3． all religions teach charity
　　4． it seeks to end poverty, disease, and illiteracy
　5． it can be used to help refugees and combat slavery
　　6． it is given by all advanced countries
　　7． it is supported by the Red Cross and the United Nations
　　8． it helped rebuild Japan and Germany
　　9． it increases world trade
　　10．it achieves political objectives
　　11．it promotes national security
　　Against ：
　　1． it is degrading to the recipient
　　2． it is never appreciated
　　3． it leads to feelings of inferiority
　　4． it limits the independence of developing countries
　　5． it subsidizes laziness
　　6． it often goes into the pockets of corrupt officials
　　7． it supports Third World dictatorships
　　8． it can be culturally damaging
　　9． it has divided the United Nations
　　10．the money should be spent at home for one' s own people

　　15．Divorce
　　For ：
　　1． it is the logical solution to a bad marriage
　　2． it allows both persons to seek happiness in a second marriage
　　3． it dates from as early as ancient Babylonia
　　4． it is legally recognized by most countries
　　5． it is accepted by most people
　　6． remarriage is a right
　　7． it is necessary in cases of adultery, alcoholism, desertion, drug addiction, and mental and 　　physical cruelty
　　8． children are better off living with one parent than with both in an unhappy environment
　　9． feminists support it
　　Against ：
　　1． it breaks up the family
　　2． it makes it too easy for two persons to walk out of their marriage
　　3． it is opposed by various religions
　　4．it is banned by some countries
　　5． it was uncommon until fifty years ago
　　6． marriage is a serious responsibility
　　7． it is a sign of immaturity
　　8． counseling is the solution
　　9． it harms children emotionally
　　10．children need both parents
　　11．child custody decisions are messy

　　16．Compulsory Military Service
　　For ：
　　1． it aims to strengthen national defense
　　2． it teaches young men discipline
　　3． it builds character and physical fithess
　　4． it teaches valuable skills
　　5． it nurtures a spirit of comradeship an equality
　　6． it offers opportunities for overseas travel
　　7． it exists in many countries (e.g., Switzerland, Singapore)
　　8． it reduces unemployment
　　9． it instills a sense of patriotism
　　Against：
　　1． it is unnecessary in view of today' s professional armies
　　2． it is a step away from peace
　　3． some countries have abolished it (e. g., the U.S., Japan)
　　4． today' s armies do not need unskilled manpower
　　5． it interrupts young men' s studies and careers
　　6． it is a useless experience
　　7． it is a source of slave labor

　　8． it results in bullying and conformity
　　9． it does not build character
　　10．it can cause mental disorders
　　11．military skills are useless in private industry

　　17．Voluntary Euthanasia
　　For ：
　　1． it is a basic right-the right to die
　　2． the Greek origin of the word euthanasia means "good death "
　　3． it allows one to die with dignity
　　4． it allows one to choose the time and place of death
　　5． it is logical and humane
　　6． it can be regulated with safeguards (e.g., the person must be rationally lucid)
　　7． it is painless
　　8． it is the solution to a terminal illness with suffering
　　9． the dying want it
　　10．some doctors will assist the patient to end his life
　　11．it recognizes death as a natural, biological process
　　12．doctor-assisted suicide is legal in Holland, under certain guidelines
　　Against ：
　　1． it is murder or suicide
　　2． it is illegal in most countries
　　3． most doctors oppose it
　　4． it is a first step to killing the old and infirm
　　5． it is irreversible in the event of a new cure
　　6． only God can end a life
　　7． most religions oppose it