报刊英语词汇精华101-150
2007-11-15来源:
101.cost cutting ：削减成本
A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.
公司采取的应付措施，特别是在困难时期，通过减少浪费和不必要的开支来节省资金。
Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.
为了提高效率和竞争力，许多公司在 90 年代一直在实施削减成本的各种措施。
102.cost of living ：生活费用
The average cost for the basic necessities of life
支付基本生活必需品的平均花费。
Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.
很多雇员希望其工资的生活费用部分每年都有增长。
103.creeping inflation ：轻度通货膨胀
The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.
物价不断上涨，但因涨幅很小而不为人注意。
Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.
90 年代轻度通货膨胀一直波及经济生活
104.decline ：萎缩，下降
A period of reduced business activity.
经营活动下降的时期。
College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.
大学生们对其毕业后就业机会的减少感到忧心忡忡。
105.deficit ：赤字
A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.
支出超过收入的预算失衡
Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.
我们公司在开始赢利前的头三年中都是亏损经营。
106.deflation ：通货紧缩
A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.
货币供应的减少，导致物价的急剧下降。 Consumers are always motivated by deflation. 通货紧缩往往能刺激消费者的购买欲。
107.demand ：需求
The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.
消费者购买商品和服务的能力。
Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.
营销商和广告商总是在寻找新的途径以创造其客户对产品的需求。
108.depression ：萧条
A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.
商业活动严重减少并且长时间没有好转。
Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.
许多上了年纪的美国人对三十年代的大萧条仍记忆犹新。
109.deregulation ：撤消管制
A gradual removal of government control over business.
政府逐步撤消对经营活动的控制。
Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.
大多数公司和产业赞成政府撤消管制。
110.distribution ：商品流通
The marketing of merchandising.
商品的营销。
If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.
商品流通如果不畅就卖不出去。
111.diversification ：经营多样化
The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.
通过增加产品品种和服务项目来扩展经营业务。
Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.
许多快餐企业正实行经营多样化，力图从其竞争对手手中夺取更多的顾客。
112.dumping ：倾销
The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.
以低于成本的价格向其他国家销售产品以减少过剩产品，引发竞争。 The U.S. has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American. 美国控告日本在美国倾销小型货车。
113.economics ：经济学
The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.
形容财富及其创造、分配和消费的科学。 Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard. 苏珊在哈佛攻读经济学专业。
114.economy ：经济
The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.
社会及政治机构的组织以及以生产经营为目的的企业组织。 National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy. 国家领导人必须一直为经济状况操心。
115.Fortune 500 ：《财富》500 家公司
A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.
由《财富》杂志每年公布的全美国最大的 500 家公司。 Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list? 在《财富》500 家公司中，前 10 名是哪些？
116.franchise ：经销权，连锁店
A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.
地区分销商得到其他公司的合同或许可证，有权使用其名称并销售其产品。
Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.
克兰西在伦敦开了一家麦当劳连锁店。
117.freeze ：冻结
The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.
停止一些经济因素的变动，如价格、就业、开支等。 The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps. 政府冻结了汽油泵的价格。
118.full employment ：充分就业
An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.
失业率处于可接受的最小值，常常是６％以下的经济形势。
The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.
充分就业是大多数国家很少取得的经济局面。
119.glamour stock ：热门股票
A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.
新兴且发展迅速的产业所发行的股票，有迅速升值的趋势。
John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.
约翰专门购买由传媒、娱乐公司发行的热门股票。
120.glas ceiling ：性别障碍，玻璃天花板
A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.
指阻止女性进入高级管理阶层的一种无形障碍。
Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.
90 年代，许多妇女抗议阻止她们进入大公司高级管理阶层的性别障碍。
121.global economy ：全球经济 Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc. 世界范围内的贸易、旅游、竞争等。
Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.
为在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，90 年代的公司都从全球的角度考虑问题。
122.GNP ：国民生产总值
An abbr. For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.
“gross national product” 的缩写词，指在国民经济市场上销售的所有商品、服务和产品的年度货币总值。
What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?
1987 年日本的国民生产总值是多少？
123.golden parachute ：高额离职补贴
A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover. 在发生合并或兼并的情况下，公司高层行政领导离开其职位时所获得的丰厚补偿，作为高额离职补助金。
CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.
公司被他方恶意接管时，通常情况下总裁们都会得到高额的离职补贴。
124.gray market ：灰色市场
A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical. 以高于正常市场价格来销售稀缺商品如电脑芯片的市场。这种交易通常以非正常渠道进行，手段虽不犯法但也不 被认为是合乎道德的。
Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.
由于类似产品在灰色市场上销售，我们公司损失很大。
125.greenmail ：绿票欺诈
The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price. 秘密购买一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能进行接管，最终迫使该公司为挫败对方的企图，不得不以高出很多 的价格买回股份。
The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.
当 ABC 公司以高得多的价格买回自己的股份时，发现本公司成了绿票欺诈的受害者。
126.hardball ：商场上的杀手锏，动真格
Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.
俚语，指生意上极具竞争力或冷酷无情的做法。
Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.
我们的竞争对手所用的战术表明他们要动真格了。
127.hostile takeover ：敌意接管
The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.
通过购买足够股份从而获得控股权的办法来接管一家公司。
Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.
去年这家小航空公司在一次敌意接管中被收购。
128.hyperinflation ：高通胀
Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.
迅猛的通货膨胀和抢购造成严重的商品短缺。
The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.
由于担心自然灾害会突然降临，公众疯狂抢购，导致了一些食品市场的高通胀。
129.inflation ：通货膨胀
A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.
商品和服务的价格持续上涨。
Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?
在过去的６个月里通货膨胀率下降了吗？
130.junk bond ：风险债券，垃圾债券
A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.
俚语。指高风险高回报的债券，但被认为有可疑的背景支持。
Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.”
迈克尔?米尔肯总是“风险债券之王”的同义词。
131.labor-intensive ：劳动密集型的
(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.
运用人力多于资本的生产。
The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.
零件是用密集劳动生产出来的，这样价格就很贵。
132.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：举债收购
A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.
投资者以收购对象的资产作担保，借钱来收购该公司的足够资产以获得控股权的过程。 Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company. 有时候小公司可以用举债收购的手段来接管另一家公司。
133.macroeconomics ：宏观经济学
An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level.
经济学的分支，研究经济的宏观方面，尤其是国家层次上的因素。 Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics. 塞谬尔斯先生是位宏观经济学专家。
134.market share ：市场份额
A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.
一公司产品的销售总额在某一特定商品市场上所占的百分比。
The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals
克洛格公司在早餐粥市场上占有超过 50％以上的份额。
135.mass production ：大规模生产
The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.
利用标准零件和生产线大批量生产商品
Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
大规模生产使得很多人能以更为便宜的价格享用某种产品。
136.microeconomics ：微观经济学
The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.
经济学的分支，研究生产和消费的单个单位。
Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
在未来微观经济会导致产品的专业化和客户化以方便顾客。
137.mogul ：商业巨头
Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.
非正式用语。商业或产业界的富有且势力大的人物。
We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
我们收看了一段电视访谈，采访对象是一位拥有一亿多美元资产的娱乐业巨头。
138.mommy track ：母亲路线
A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
女性的职业模式。指女性不愿晋升过快，以便有更多时间和家人相处。
Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
90 年代，数以百万计的妇女宁愿走母亲路线也不愿攀登公司的官阶。
139.monopoly ：垄断
A domination of the market by a single company.
由单一公司统治市场的局面。
The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
打破垄断可以产生竞争，这会给公众带来更好的质量和更低的价格。
140.oligopoly ：寡头垄断
A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
少数商家占有市场，因此他们可以操纵价格和其他因素。
The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.
美国汽车工业是寡头垄断的行业，因为只有 3 家主安生产商。
141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防卫
An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
被定为兼并对象的公司通过出价收购敌对公司，从而阻止其恶意收购。
The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
在竞争残酷无情的 80 年代，对于那些希望躲过恶意兼并的公司来说，帕克曼防卫之类的战略手段太重要了。
142.Paper profit ：纸上盈利
An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold. 对拥有的某种商品进行估价而计算出来的利润，因为商品没有出手，利润尚未实现。 Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation. 因为评估了公司的所有的资产，去年杰克的生意才有纸上盈利。
143.paradigm shift ：改组
A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.
公司总裁通知公司上下将有重大变化时所用的词。
The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
一家大型软件生产商的总裁今天宣布要对其管理人员进行改组。
144.Peter Principle ：彼得原则
A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
一种认为在等级森严的公司里，每个职员都想升到其无法胜任的位置的说法。 The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force. 在美国的劳动力大军里，常可听到”彼得原则”这个术语。
145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer. 公司为挫败敌意兼并所采取的各式各样的方法，如发行新股票，为雇员制定慷慨的福利计划。这会使潜在的兼并 者感到代价昂贵而放弃兼并。
146.power lunch ：事务餐
A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.
在工作午餐上，忙于紧张的交易和谈判而顾不上吃饭。
We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.
今天下午我们在事务餐上讨论了公司合并的可能性。
147.productivity ：生产力
A measure of ability to produce output from given input
一定投入得到产出的能力的衡量尺度。
Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last. XYZ 公司本月的生产比上月略有提高。
148.quality control ：质量管理
Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
采用技术以消除次品，或提高经营水平。
No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
任何一家公司要想在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，就不得不重视质量管理。
149.raw goods ：原材料商品
Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.
源于自然，收购来用于生产的原始材料。
Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and less valuable.
知识和信息正成为公司最有价值的资产，而原材料商品的价值越来越低。
150.recession ：衰退
A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.
国民经济在至少 6 个月的时间里没有任何增长。
A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
衰退的特点是需求下降，失业增加，国民生产总值减少。
A reactive measure taken by companies esp. in hard times, in order to save money by eliminating waste or unnecessary spending.
公司采取的应付措施，特别是在困难时期，通过减少浪费和不必要的开支来节省资金。
Companies in the 90s have been implementing a lot of cost cutting in order to become more efficient and competitive.
为了提高效率和竞争力，许多公司在 90 年代一直在实施削减成本的各种措施。
102.cost of living ：生活费用
The average cost for the basic necessities of life
支付基本生活必需品的平均花费。
Many employees expect a yearly cost of living increase in their paychecks.
很多雇员希望其工资的生活费用部分每年都有增长。
103.creeping inflation ：轻度通货膨胀
The barely noticeable but persistent increase in prices.
物价不断上涨，但因涨幅很小而不为人注意。
Creeping inflation continues to spread throughout the economy in the 1990s.
90 年代轻度通货膨胀一直波及经济生活
104.decline ：萎缩，下降
A period of reduced business activity.
经营活动下降的时期。
College students are not happy about the decline of job opportunities waiting for them when they graduate.
大学生们对其毕业后就业机会的减少感到忧心忡忡。
105.deficit ：赤字
A budget imbalance in which expenditures exceed income.
支出超过收入的预算失衡
Our company ran a deficit for the first three years before we started to make any profit.
我们公司在开始赢利前的头三年中都是亏损经营。
106.deflation ：通货紧缩
A decrease in the money supply, causing a sharp fall in prices.
货币供应的减少，导致物价的急剧下降。 Consumers are always motivated by deflation. 通货紧缩往往能刺激消费者的购买欲。
107.demand ：需求
The desire and ability of consumers to purchase goods and services.
消费者购买商品和服务的能力。
Marketers and advertisers are always looking for new ways to create demand for their client’s products.
营销商和广告商总是在寻找新的途径以创造其客户对产品的需求。
108.depression ：萧条
A severe, extended period of decline in business activity.
商业活动严重减少并且长时间没有好转。
Many older Americans remember the great depression of the 1930s.
许多上了年纪的美国人对三十年代的大萧条仍记忆犹新。
109.deregulation ：撤消管制
A gradual removal of government control over business.
政府逐步撤消对经营活动的控制。
Most business and industries approve of deregulation from government control.
大多数公司和产业赞成政府撤消管制。
110.distribution ：商品流通
The marketing of merchandising.
商品的营销。
If a product doesn’t have good distribution, it won’t sell.
商品流通如果不畅就卖不出去。
111.diversification ：经营多样化
The act of expanding business by increasing the number of goods produced or the number of services offered.
通过增加产品品种和服务项目来扩展经营业务。
Many fast food businesses are diversifying in an attempt to capture more customers form their competitors.
许多快餐企业正实行经营多样化，力图从其竞争对手手中夺取更多的顾客。
112.dumping ：倾销
The act of selling goods below cost to other nations to eliminate surpluses or offset competition.
以低于成本的价格向其他国家销售产品以减少过剩产品，引发竞争。 The U.S. has accused Japan of dumping mini-vans here in American. 美国控告日本在美国倾销小型货车。
113.economics ：经济学
The study of wealth and its creation, distribution, and consumption.
形容财富及其创造、分配和消费的科学。 Susan is majoring in economics at Harvard. 苏珊在哈佛攻读经济学专业。
114.economy ：经济
The organization of social and political institutions and business for production.
社会及政治机构的组织以及以生产经营为目的的企业组织。 National leaders must always worry about the state of the economy. 国家领导人必须一直为经济状况操心。
115.Fortune 500 ：《财富》500 家公司
A list of the 500 largest American corporations published annually by “Fortune” magazine.
由《财富》杂志每年公布的全美国最大的 500 家公司。 Who are the top 10 companies on the Fortune 500 list? 在《财富》500 家公司中，前 10 名是哪些？
116.franchise ：经销权，连锁店
A contract or license permitting a regional distributor to use the name and sell products of another company.
地区分销商得到其他公司的合同或许可证，有权使用其名称并销售其产品。
Clancy is opening a new McDonald’s franchise in London.
克兰西在伦敦开了一家麦当劳连锁店。
117.freeze ：冻结
The fixing of some economic factor, such as prices, employment, spending, etc.
停止一些经济因素的变动，如价格、就业、开支等。 The government caused a price freeze at the gas pumps. 政府冻结了汽油泵的价格。
118.full employment ：充分就业
An economic condition in which unemployment is deemed minimal and acceptable, usually under six percent.
失业率处于可接受的最小值，常常是６％以下的经济形势。
The condition of full employment is something that most countries rarely achieve.
充分就业是大多数国家很少取得的经济局面。
119.glamour stock ：热门股票
A stock in a new or rapidly developing industry that tends to rise quickly in price.
新兴且发展迅速的产业所发行的股票，有迅速升值的趋势。
John specializes in buying glamour stock, particular in media, and entertainment companies.
约翰专门购买由传媒、娱乐公司发行的热门股票。
120.glas ceiling ：性别障碍，玻璃天花板
A term used to describe an invisible barrier that prevents women from entering the ranks of senior-level management.
指阻止女性进入高级管理阶层的一种无形障碍。
Many women in the 90s are protesting the glass ceiling that bars them form upper management in large corporation.
90 年代，许多妇女抗议阻止她们进入大公司高级管理阶层的性别障碍。
121.global economy ：全球经济 Worldwide trade, travel, competition, etc. 世界范围内的贸易、旅游、竞争等。
Companies in the 1990s are thinking globally in order to stay competitive in the new global economy.
为在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，90 年代的公司都从全球的角度考虑问题。
122.GNP ：国民生产总值
An abbr. For “gross national product.” The total annual monetary value of all goods, services, and products sold on markets of national economy.
“gross national product” 的缩写词，指在国民经济市场上销售的所有商品、服务和产品的年度货币总值。
What was Japan’s GNP in 1987?
1987 年日本的国民生产总值是多少？
123.golden parachute ：高额离职补贴
A substantial compensation given to top executives as a severance bonus when they are terminated from the positions in the event of a corporate merger or takeover. 在发生合并或兼并的情况下，公司高层行政领导离开其职位时所获得的丰厚补偿，作为高额离职补助金。
CEOs typically receive a golden parachute when their companies are seized in a hostile takeover.
公司被他方恶意接管时，通常情况下总裁们都会得到高额的离职补贴。
124.gray market ：灰色市场
A market in which scare goods such as computer chips are traded at above-market prices through irregular channels or by methods not illegal but usually not considered ethical. 以高于正常市场价格来销售稀缺商品如电脑芯片的市场。这种交易通常以非正常渠道进行，手段虽不犯法但也不 被认为是合乎道德的。
Our company is losing a lot of money to similar products being sold on the gray market.
由于类似产品在灰色市场上销售，我们公司损失很大。
125.greenmail ：绿票欺诈
The purchase, usually in secret, of a large block of a company’s stock, thereby signaling a possible takeover attempt, and ultimately forcing the company to try to thwart the attempt by buying back its stock at a much higher price. 秘密购买一公司的大部分股票，以此暗示可能进行接管，最终迫使该公司为挫败对方的企图，不得不以高出很多 的价格买回股份。
The ABC company found themselves a victim of greenmail when they realized they had bought back their stock at a much higher price.
当 ABC 公司以高得多的价格买回自己的股份时，发现本公司成了绿票欺诈的受害者。
126.hardball ：商场上的杀手锏，动真格
Slang for highly competitive or ruthless business practices.
俚语，指生意上极具竞争力或冷酷无情的做法。
Our competitors are using tactics that indicate that they want to play hardball.
我们的竞争对手所用的战术表明他们要动真格了。
127.hostile takeover ：敌意接管
The act of taking control of a company by buying up enough of its stock t gain a controlling interest.
通过购买足够股份从而获得控股权的办法来接管一家公司。
Last year the small airline company was bought up in a hostile takeover.
去年这家小航空公司在一次敌意接管中被收购。
128.hyperinflation ：高通胀
Rapid inflation and major shortages caused by panic buying.
迅猛的通货膨胀和抢购造成严重的商品短缺。
The fear of sudden natural disaster caused hyperinflation to occur in certain food markets because of panic buying by the public.
由于担心自然灾害会突然降临，公众疯狂抢购，导致了一些食品市场的高通胀。
129.inflation ：通货膨胀
A sustained rise in the price of goods and services.
商品和服务的价格持续上涨。
Has the rate of inflation dropped in the last six months?
在过去的６个月里通货膨胀率下降了吗？
130.junk bond ：风险债券，垃圾债券
A slang term for a high-risk bond that offers a high return but is considered to have a dubious backing.
俚语。指高风险高回报的债券，但被认为有可疑的背景支持。
Michael Milken will always be synonymous with the term ”junk bond king.”
迈克尔?米尔肯总是“风险债券之王”的同义词。
131.labor-intensive ：劳动密集型的
(adj.)A term used to describe production that uses more labor than capital.
运用人力多于资本的生产。
The parts are very labor-intensive which makes them very expensive.
零件是用密集劳动生产出来的，这样价格就很贵。
132.leveraged buyout(LBO) ：举债收购
A procedure by which an investor borrows money to purchase enough of a company’s assets to gain a controlling interest, using the assets of the targeted firm as collateral.
投资者以收购对象的资产作担保，借钱来收购该公司的足够资产以获得控股权的过程。 Sometimes a smaller company will use the technique of a leveraged buyout to takeover another company. 有时候小公司可以用举债收购的手段来接管另一家公司。
133.macroeconomics ：宏观经济学
An economic branch dealing with broad aspects of the economy, esp. factors on a national level.
经济学的分支，研究经济的宏观方面，尤其是国家层次上的因素。 Mr. Samuels is an expert in macroeconomics. 塞谬尔斯先生是位宏观经济学专家。
134.market share ：市场份额
A percentage of total sales within a specific market by one company.
一公司产品的销售总额在某一特定商品市场上所占的百分比。
The kelloggs company has over 50 percent of the market share for breakfast cereals
克洛格公司在早餐粥市场上占有超过 50％以上的份额。
135.mass production ：大规模生产
The manufacturing of goods in large quantities using standardized parts and assembly lines.
利用标准零件和生产线大批量生产商品
Mass production allows a lot of people to enjoy a particular product at a more reasonable price.
大规模生产使得很多人能以更为便宜的价格享用某种产品。
136.microeconomics ：微观经济学
The branch of economics that deals with single units of production and consumption.
经济学的分支，研究生产和消费的单个单位。
Microeconomics in the future will lead to more customization and specialization of products for consumers.
在未来微观经济会导致产品的专业化和客户化以方便顾客。
137.mogul ：商业巨头
Informal. A rich and powerful person in business or industry.
非正式用语。商业或产业界的富有且势力大的人物。
We watched a television interview of an entertainment mogul who had amassed a fortune of over $ 100 million.
我们收看了一段电视访谈，采访对象是一位拥有一亿多美元资产的娱乐业巨头。
138.mommy track ：母亲路线
A career path in which a woman declines rapid advancement in order to spend time with her family.
女性的职业模式。指女性不愿晋升过快，以便有更多时间和家人相处。
Millions of women in the 1990s are choosing the mommy track over climbing the corporate ladder.
90 年代，数以百万计的妇女宁愿走母亲路线也不愿攀登公司的官阶。
139.monopoly ：垄断
A domination of the market by a single company.
由单一公司统治市场的局面。
The breakup of monopolies creates competition, which leads to better quality and lower prices for the public.
打破垄断可以产生竞争，这会给公众带来更好的质量和更低的价格。
140.oligopoly ：寡头垄断
A market condition in which there are few sellers, enabling them to influence price and other factors.
少数商家占有市场，因此他们可以操纵价格和其他因素。
The U.S. auto industry is an oligopoly, because there are only three main producers.
美国汽车工业是寡头垄断的行业，因为只有 3 家主安生产商。
141.Pac Man defense ：帕克曼防卫
An attempt to prevent a hostile takeover in which a targeted company bids to take over the hostile firm.
被定为兼并对象的公司通过出价收购敌对公司，从而阻止其恶意收购。
The out-throat 1980s made strategies like Pac Man defense essential to companies who wanted to survive a hostile takeover.
在竞争残酷无情的 80 年代，对于那些希望躲过恶意兼并的公司来说，帕克曼防卫之类的战略手段太重要了。
142.Paper profit ：纸上盈利
An unrealized profit due to appreciation in value of something owned but not yet sold. 对拥有的某种商品进行估价而计算出来的利润，因为商品没有出手，利润尚未实现。 Jack’s business showed a paper profit last year simply due to the appreciation. 因为评估了公司的所有的资产，去年杰克的生意才有纸上盈利。
143.paradigm shift ：改组
A term by a CEO to inform his company that there will be major changes made.
公司总裁通知公司上下将有重大变化时所用的词。
The CEO of a major computer software manufacture announced a paradigm shift to his executives today.
一家大型软件生产商的总裁今天宣布要对其管理人员进行改组。
144.Peter Principle ：彼得原则
A statement that every employee in a hierarchy tends to rise to the level of his or her incompetence.
一种认为在等级森严的公司里，每个职员都想升到其无法胜任的位置的说法。 The term “Peter Principle” has become quite popular among the American work force. 在美国的劳动力大军里，常可听到”彼得原则”这个术语。
145.poison pill ：反兼并手段，毒丸
Any of various methods devised by a company to thwart a hostile takeover attempt, such as by issuing new stock or instituting a generous package of employee benefits, which would prove costly to a potential acquirer. 公司为挫败敌意兼并所采取的各式各样的方法，如发行新股票，为雇员制定慷慨的福利计划。这会使潜在的兼并 者感到代价昂贵而放弃兼并。
146.power lunch ：事务餐
A business lunch where food is an afterthought to intense dealmaking and negotiation.
在工作午餐上，忙于紧张的交易和谈判而顾不上吃饭。
We’re discussing the possibilities of a company merger over a power lunch this afternoon.
今天下午我们在事务餐上讨论了公司合并的可能性。
147.productivity ：生产力
A measure of ability to produce output from given input
一定投入得到产出的能力的衡量尺度。
Productivity at the XYZ company was up slightly this month over last. XYZ 公司本月的生产比上月略有提高。
148.quality control ：质量管理
Techniques used to eliminate defective products or to improve performance standards and practices.
采用技术以消除次品，或提高经营水平。
No company can afford to neglect quality control if they wish to remain competitive in the new global economy.
任何一家公司要想在新的全球经济中保持竞争力，就不得不重视质量管理。
149.raw goods ：原材料商品
Materials gathered in original state from nature for use in production.
源于自然，收购来用于生产的原始材料。
Knowledge and information are becoming the most valuable assets to a company while raw goods are becoming less and less valuable.
知识和信息正成为公司最有价值的资产，而原材料商品的价值越来越低。
150.recession ：衰退
A period of no growth in the national economy for at least six months.
国民经济在至少 6 个月的时间里没有任何增长。
A recession is characterized by a decreased demand for goods, increased unemployment, and decline in the gross national product.
衰退的特点是需求下降，失业增加，国民生产总值减少。
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