“工作”用英语怎么说？到底是用job？​career？还是work？

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A lot of English learners confuse the words job, work, and career.
许多英语学习者分不清job, work和career这三个词。

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Today, I’m going to teach you how to use each one correctly – as well as various collocations (typical phrases) in which you can use these words.
今天，我将教你如何正确使用每一个词，以及如何搭配使用这些词(典型短语)。

JOB (Noun)

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A job is a regular and official activity that you do, and receive money (a salary) for your activity. It is also called a profession or an occupation. You can have a full-time job (around 40 hours per week) or a part-time job (around 25 hours per week).
一份job是一个你会定期做的正式活动，并且通过这个活动你能获得金钱(薪水)。它也被称为profession或occupation（职业）。你可以有一份全职工作(每周40小时)或兼职工作(每周25小时左右)。

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When someone is looking for a job, this is sometimes called the “job hunt” or “job search.” If you have a friend who’s looking for a job, you can ask them, “How’s the job hunt going?”
当某人正在找工作，就称它为job hunt或job search。如果你有个朋友正在找工作，你就可以这么问他：“How’s the job hunt going?”。

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To find a job, you can check the job listings online or in the newspaper – these are small advertisements about job openings (job opportunities). The process of trying to get a specific job – when you send your resume or CV to a company – is called applying for a job.
要找到一份job，你可以在网上或报纸上查看职位列表，这些都是关于工作职位空缺的小广告。你向一家公司投递简历试图获得一份特定工作的过程被称为apply for a job（申请工作）。

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If the company offers you the job and you say “yes,” then you have gotten the job!
如果公司给了你这份工作，而你答应了，那么你就得到了这份工作

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There are several different ways to describe a job, you can just describe as:
要描述一个人的工作，你可以说它是：

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1️⃣a demanding job (requires a lot of effort)
一份高要求的工作(需要很大的努力)

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Being an emergency surgeon is a demanding job – you have to be on call 24 hours a day.
作为一名紧急外科医生是一项要求很高的工作，你必须24小时随叫随到。

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2️⃣a fulfilling / rewarding job (it makes you feel good)
一份有成就感的工作(它让你感觉很好)

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Working with refugee children was one of the most rewarding jobs I’ve had.
和难民儿童一起工作是我所做过的最有成就感的工作之一。

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3️⃣an entry-level job(a job that can be done by someone who is beginning their career, which doesn’t require much experience or many skills)
入门级工作(刚开始工作的人可以胜任的工作，不需要太多经验或技能)

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Daniel got an entry-level job as an administrative assistant.
丹尼尔得到了一份行政助理的初级工作。

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4️⃣a dead-end job(a job that has no opportunities for advancement or promotions)
没有前途的工作(没有晋升机会的工作)

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Being a truck driver is a dead-end job.
卡车司机是一项没有前途的工作。

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5️⃣a high-powered job(a dynamic and important job)
一份位高权重的工作(充满活力且重要的工作)

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After she published her book, she got a high-powered job as director of a national newspaper.
她的书出版后，她得到了一份权力很大的工作，担任一家全国性报纸的主任。

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6️⃣a lucrative job(a job where you earn a lot of money)
利润丰厚的工作（能赚很多钱的工作）

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My mother wants me to marry a guy with a lucrative job – like a doctor or lawyer.
我妈妈想让我嫁给一个像医生或律师这样收入丰厚的人。

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The word job is a countable noun:
job这个词是个可数名词

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Right after graduating from college, I worked two jobs so that I could pay off my student loans faster.
刚从大学毕业，我就做了两份工作，这样我可以更快地还清我的学生贷款。

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Terry has had seven jobs in the past five years.
特里在过去五年里换了七次工作。

WORK (Noun AND Verb)

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The word work is more general than “job” – whereas “job” is a specific occupation/profession, “work” refers to general efforts and activities done to accomplish a goal. “Work” can be done both inside an official job and outside a job!
“work”这个词比“job”更为宽泛而“job”是一个具体的职业，“work”指的是为实现一个目标所做的努力和活动。Work既可以在正式在职期间完成，也可以在不在职时完成

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❖You can say you work at / for (a company): “I work at General Motors.”
你可以说你在（at或者for ）某个公司work：我在通用汽车公司工作。

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❖You can say you’re working on (a project / task): “I’m working on a market analysis” or “I’m working on improving customer satisfaction.”
你可以说你在work on(一个项目任务):我在做市场分析或者我在致力于提高客户满意度。

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❖You can say you work with (people / objects): “I work with special needs children” or “I work with hazardous chemicals.”
你可以说你work with(人和物体)：我的工作是与有特殊需要的儿童打交道，或者我的工作是与危险化学品打交道。

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The word work also refers to the context of your place of employment – so we can say:
work这个词也指你的工作地点，所以我们可以说

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“I start work at 7 AM.” (not “I start my job at 7 AM”)
我在早上七点开始工作。（这里不用job）

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“I finish / leave work at 4:30.” (not “I finish my job at 4:30”)
我四点半结束工作。（不用job）

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– An informal way to say “leave work” is “get off work”
一个非正式的表示“leave work（下班）”的说法是“get off work”

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“We go to work by car.” (not “We go to our job by car”)
我们开车去上班。（不用job）

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“I went to the bar with some friends from work.”
我和一些一起上班的朋友一起去酒吧。

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“I can’t access Facebook when I’m at work.” (not “at my job”)
我工作的时候不能上Facebook。（不用job）

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“Work” is an uncountable noun, so it is not used in the plural:
Work是不可数名词，所以不用复数：

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●I have three works to do this week.
I have three projects to do this week.
这周我有三个项目要做。

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●I have three things / tasks to do this week.
这周我有三件事要做。

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●I have three assignments to do this week.
这周我有三个任务要做。

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Exception: when talking about works of art / literature.
例外：谈论艺术品/文学时。

CAREER (Noun)

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Your career is the total progression of your professional life. It can include many different jobs over the years.
你的career（事业）就是你职业生涯的全部进展。它可以包括多年来从事的许多不同的工作。

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You can have a career in (a field) – for example, a career in politics / journalism / teaching / finance
你可以在(某个领域)拥有career，比如，政治，新闻，教金融

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1️⃣embark on a career = begin a career
开始一项事业

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2️⃣pursue a career = make an effort to have a career
追求事业

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3️⃣a promising career = a career with good future potential
有前途的事业

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4️⃣a varied career = a career with jobs in many different areas
多样化的事业

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5️⃣career prospects = career opportunities
职业前景

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6️⃣switch your career = change your career
转变你的事业

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7️⃣career takes off = when someone’s career starts to become very successful
事业腾飞

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8️⃣at the height / peak of your career = at the most successful point in your career
你职业生涯中的高光时刻

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9️⃣ruin your career = when your career is destroyed
毁了你的事业