职称英语考试卫生类C级—概括大意完成句子（二）

 

答案及解析:

第一步: 分析文章标题 Old man myths and realities标题字面的含义是“老年男人的神话和现实”，这个标题看起来比较抽象， 所以参考文章开头的相关语句来获得对文章标题的进一步理解：When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it’s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirements planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what was a generation or so ago.文章第一句在提出问题：什么时候一个中年人变成一位老人？该段最后一句中也提到了文章标题中的核心词Old man， 该句中的划线结构说： 当今老人与前一个世纪以前的老人有很大的不同。这两句话似乎也并没有很清晰地揭示文章的标题内容。 在这样的情况下，我们关注其他段落的段首句的内容：     Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 -75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.该段段首句说“65岁是新时期对老年男人的定义”，这个句子和前面我们所看到的句子提示我们可能这篇文章是讲述现代生活中的老年男人， 可能在内容上会对现在生活中老年男人进行描述和定义     Although men are living longer, there are still more women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that’s really about all we know. 该段段首句把女人和男人进行了比较。      It is usually believed that old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger. 该段段首句谈到了老年男人的健康问题。结合上面这些句子的内容判断这篇文章应该是论述文， 文章讨论的主题是关于现在生活中的老年男人，从这个内容上看文章很可能会对现在生活中的老年男人是什么样子的进行描述， 或进行定义， 并且在内容上可能会对现在生活中的男人和女人进行比较， 还可能具体谈到现在老年男人的健康状况。 解题第2步：结合文章主题（文章标题所揭示的内容）分析概括大意被选项之间的关系。A   new definitions of the old manB   Changing concept of the old man C   health of the old man D   happy old man and sad old manE   limited knowledge of the old man’s experiences F   contempt for the old man 被选项都涉及到了文章的核心词old man， 所以从贴近文章主题这个角度来说，这些选项都可能成为答案。其中A和B中的definitions和concept是近义词， 它们一个说“有关老人的新定义”， 一个说“有关老人的概念”， 所以这两个选项有关系，因此答案可能从它们中出现。再进一步结合刚才我们对文章内容和文章主题的分析， 推测C（涉及到健康）可能是答案。 第3步： 直接解题， 在解题中注意各种解题技巧的巧妙运用。 A   new definitions of the old manB   Changing concept of the old man C   health of the old man D   happy old man and sad old manE   limited knowledge of the old man’s experiences F   contempt for the old man 1         Paragraph 1 ___.When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it’s when we reach retirement age. But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making. As life expectancy (预期寿命) increases, retirements planning needs to be changed. This is because being an old man today is very different from what was a generation or so ago.1． B。 分析： 首先注意到段落中retirements这个词在反复出现，因此这个词可能是该段的主题词， 可是被选项中没有retirements出现， 从第一个retirements出现的句子来看（When does a middle-aged man become an old man? Officially, of course, it’s when we reach retirement age）， 该句是说retirements是作为老年人的判断标准（也就是关于老年人的定义），所以A和B可能是答案， 但是A中提到的是definitions（几个定义）， 但是我们发现段落中并没有具体提到关于老年人的几个新定义， 因此判断B是答案。 其实在该段中段落的第2句（But, as we all know, this is a fairly blunt (生硬的) method of decision making）就是段落的主题句（提示： 当段落中出现由but/however/nevertheless等词引导的句子/结构时，则该句子/结构常常就是段落的主题句。）， 该句说“但是正如我们知道的， 这是一种比较生硬的作出决定的方法”， 显然这表明作者不赞成用退休来定义老年人，从这里也可以看出作者在这里提倡的是对老年人进行重新的定义， 因此B是答案。      A   new definitions of the old manC   health of the old man D   happy old man and sad old manE   limited knowledge of the old man’s experiences F   contempt for the old man 2         Paragraph 2 ___.Sixty-five is the new middle-aged man. These days people are talking about the young-old, that is ages 70 -75, and those over 75 as the old-old. The young-old frequently continue in good health and maintain strong links with friends and family. The old-old have a much higher chance of poor health and social isolation.2． A。 分析： 段落中出现了一些明显的细节词： Sixty-five（65）， 70 -75， 75（提示：段落中的细节句往往直接涉及到段落的主题）， Sixty-five所在的句子说“65岁是新时代的中年人”， 70 -75和75所在的句子说“年轻的老年人是70-75岁， 75岁以上才是年老的老年人”， 显然这些句子在对不同年龄阶段的老年人进行定义，因此判断A是答案。      C   health of the old man D   happy old man and sad old manE   limited knowledge of the old man’s experiences F   contempt for the old man 3         Paragraph 3 ___.Although men are living longer, there are still more women than old men. This fact alone should arouse interest as to why. Relatively little is actually known about why this is the case or about the experiences of the old man. Sure, we are aware that the old man experiences anxiety, financial problems, loneliness, etc., but that’s really about all we know.3． E。 分析： 我们在段落中发现experiences的重复出现，因此推测该词可能是该段的主题词。因此推测E可能是答案。 段落中的第2句说“对于为什么是这样的情况或者对于老年男人的生活经历知道的相对来说较少”， 该句内容正好也与E的内容一致，因此肯定了E是答案。解题思路： 利用段落中的主题词作为答案线索， 确认答案的范围。 C   health of the old man D   happy old man and sad old manF   contempt for the old man 4         Paragraph 4 ___.It is usually believed that old man often complains about their health. In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness. The physical health of the old man is strongly affected by their health behavior when they were younger.4．C． 分析： 该段由3个句子组成， 而这3个句子中都涉及到health这个词，因此肯定地判断health应该是这个段落的主题词， 因此确认C是答案。解题思路： 利用段落中的主题词作为答案线索， 确认答案的范围。 A   in good healthB   in the pastC. in the wrongD. the old manE   a middle-aged manF   a young man5         Nowadays men generally live longer than ___.5． B。 分析： 可以直接借助搭配语意： 现在男人比…活得更长，判断B合适“过去”。 A   in good healthC.  in the wrongD. the old manE   a middle-aged manF   a young man6   A man in his mid-60s is now regarded as ___.6．E. 分析： 该题可以借助搭配语意：60多岁的男人现在被认为是…, 判断E(中年男人)是答案. 也可以借助文章中的相关语句: 借助空格前面结构中的特征词mid-60s作为答案线索, 这样找到答案相关句: Sixty-five (与mid-60s呼应)is the new middle-aged man, 因此判断E是答案.  A   in good healthC. in the wrongD. the old manF   a young man7   More research should be done on the experiences of ___.7. D. 分析: 空格前面的内容中谈到了experiences(经历)借助刚才在做概括大意题时所了解到的内容: 文章第3段讲述对老年男人的生活经历知道的很少, 所以判断D是答案. A   in good healthC. in the wrongF   a young man8  Most old men consider themselves to be ___. 8. A.分析: 该题可以直接借助搭配处语法结构的需要和搭配语意判断答案: F放入空格中肯定不行, 因为F是单数名词, 而与空格结构相呼应的是表意为复数的代词themselves, 所以不行; C放在空格中语意不通: “大多数老年人认为自己错了”这个句子不合理, 所以答案只有A(身体状态好). 我们也可以借助文章中的相关内容: 借助空格前面结构中的核心短语Most old men作为答案线索， 这样找到答案相关句： In fact, most old man think their health is good even though most are diagnosed with at least one chronic illness.