2006年职称英语考试卫生类(B级)试题及答案

Is 40 really the new 30? In many ways people today act younger than their parents did at the same age.
Scientists have defined a new age concept and believe it could explain why populations are aging, but at the same time seem to be getting younger.
Instead of measuring aging by how long people have lived, the scientists have factored in how many more years people can probably still look forward to.
"Using that measure, the average person can get younger in the sense that he or she can have even more years to live as time goes on," said Warren Sanderson of the University of New York in Stony Brook.
　　He and Sergei Scherbov of the Vienna lnstitute of Demography （人口统计学） at the Austrian （奥地利的） Academy of Sciences， have used their method to estimate how the proportion of elderly people in Germany， Japan and the United States will change in the future.
The average German was 39.9 years old in 2000 and could plan to live for another 39.2 years, according to research reported in the journal Nature on Wednesday.
However, by 2050 the average German will be 51.9 years old and will be expected to live another 37.1 years. So middle age in 2050 would occur at around 52 years instead of 40 years as in 2000.
"As people have more and more years to live they have to save more and plan more and they effectively are behaving as if they were younger," said Sanderson.
Five years ago, the average American was 35.3 years old and could plan for 43.5 more years of life. By 2050, the researchers estimate it will increase to 41.7 years and 45.8 future years.
"A lot of our ski/Is, our education, our savings and the way we dear with our health care depend a great deal on how many years we have to live," said Sanderson.
This dimension of how many years people have to live has been completely ignored in the discussion of aging so far.
　　36 People 40 years of age today seem to be as young as
　　A　their parents were at the same age.
　　B　their parents were at the age of 30.
　　C　their children will be at the same age.
　　D　their children will be at the age of 30.
　　37 The new age concept was developed out of the notion of
　　A　"future years".
　　B　"average years".
　　C　"past years".
　　D　"school years".
　　38 In 2000, middle age for the average German occurred
　　A　at 37.1 years.
　　B　at 40 years.
　　C　at 39.2 years.
　　D　at 52 years.
　　39 By 2050, the average American will live to
　　A　the age of 41.7.
　　B　the age of 45.8.
　　C　the age of 78.8.
　　D　the age of 87.5.
　　40 Which is NOT affected by the number of years we have to live?
　　A　Our education.
　　B　Our savings.
　　C　The way we handle our health care.
　　D　The number of years we have lived.
　　第三篇 　　　　　　　Is the Tie a Necessity？
Ties, or neckties, have been a symbol of politeness and elegance in Britain for centuries. But the casual Prime Minister Tony Blair has problems with them. Reports suggest that even the civil servants may stop wearing ties. So, are the famously formal British really going to abandon the neckties?
Maybe. Last week, the UK's Cabinet Secretary Andrew Turnbull openly welcomed a tieless era. He hinted that civil servants would soon be free of the costliest 12 inches of fabric that most men ever buy in their lives.
　　In fact， Blair showed this attitude when he had his first guests to a cocktail party. Many of them were celebrities （知名人士） without ties， which would have been unimaginable even in the recent past.
For some more conservative British, the tie is a must for proper appearance. Earlier, Labor leader Jim Callaghan said he would have died rather than have his children seen in public without a tie. For people like Callaghan, the tic; was a sign of being complete, of showing respect. Men were supposed to wear a tie when going to church, to work in the office, to a party - almost every social occasion.
But today, people have begun to accept a casual style even for formal occasions.
　　The origin of the tie is tricky. It started as something called simply a "band". The term could mean anything around a man's neck. It appeared in finer ways in the 1630s. Frenchmen showed a love of this particular fashion statement. Their neckwear （颈饰） impressed Charles II， the king of England who was exiled （流放） to France at that time. When he returned to England in 1660， he brought this new fashion item along with him.
It wasn't, however, until the late 18th century that fancy young men introduced a more colorful, flowing piece of cloth that eventually became known as the tie. Then, clubs, military institutions and schools began to use colored and patterned ties to indicate the wearer's membership in the late 19th century. After that, the tie became a necessary item of clothing for British gentlemen.
But now, even gentlemen are getting tired of ties. Anyway, the day feels a bit easier when you wake up without having to decide which tie suits you and your mood.
　　41 The tie symbolizes all of the following except
　　A　respect.
　　B　elegance，
　　C　politeness，
　　D　democracy.
　　42 Why does Blair sometimes show up in a formal event without a tie?
　　A　Because he wants to make a show.
　　B　Because he wants to attract attention.
　　C　Because ties are costly.
　　D　Because he wants to live in a casual way.
　　43 Which of the following is NOT a social occasion?
　　A　Going to church.
　　B　Going to work in the office.
　　C　Staying at home.
　　D　Going to a party.
　　44 Who brought the Frenchmen's neckwear to Britain?
　　A　Tony Blair.
　　B　Charles II.
　　C　Jim Callaghan.
　　D　Andrew Turnbull.
　　45 When did British gentlemen begin to wear ties regularly?
　　A　After the late 19th century.
　　B　In the 1630s.
　　C　In 1660.
　　D　In the late 18th century.
　　第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
　　下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Female Bullfighting
It was a unique, eye-catching sight: an attractive woman in a shiny bullfighter's suit, sword in hand, facing the sharp horns of a black, 500-kilograrn beast.
　　Most people thought the days of female bullfighting were over in Spain（46）
　　The first woman fighter， Cristina Sanchez， quit in 1999 because of male discrimination （歧视）。 But Vega is determined to break into what could be Spain's most resistant male field.（47）
　　Spanish women have conquered almost all male professions（48） "The bull does not ask for your identity card，" she said in an interview a few years ago， She insisted that she be judged for her skills rather than her femaleness.
　　Vega became a matador （斗牛士） in 1997 in the southwestern city of Caceres（49） She entered a bullfighting school in Malaga at age nine and performed her first major bullfight at age 14. She has faced as much opposition as Sanchez did. And
　　the "difficulties have made her grow into a very strong bullfighter，" her brother Jorge says The 1.68-metre tall and somewhat shy Vega says her love of bullfighting does not make her any less of a woman（50）
　　A　She intends to become even better than Sanchez was
　　B　Her father was an aspiring （有雄心壮志的） bullfighter.
　　C　But many bullfighting professionals continue to insist that women do not have what it takes to perform the country's "national show"
　　D　"I'm a woman from head to toe and proud of it，" she once said.
　　E　She looks like a male bullfighter.
　　F　But recently， 29-year-old Mari Paz Vega became the second woman in Spanish history to fight against those heavy animals
　　第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
　　下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。Staying
Active in Old Age Keeps People Mobile
People over 70 who aren't active are more likely to develop problems walking or climbing stairs within a few years, according to a new study.
These findings suggest that it's very important to stay (51) in old age, study author Dr. Marjolein Visser told Reuters Health.
　　"Physical activity in old age is as important（52） taking your medications（药物），" Visser noted. "You do not need to join an expensive， fancy sports club with high-tech （高科技的） equipment. Your body will already（53） from regular walking."
　　Visser， a Dutch （荷兰的）scholar，explained that（54） active helps prevent people from becoming breathless during simple activities， increase muscle mass and strength， and maintain the balance people need to walk up stairs， for instance.
To investigate how important exercise is to older adults, Visser's team interviewed 3,075 men and (55) between the ages of 70 and 79, all of whom said they had no problems walking one-quarter of a mile or climbing (56). The investigators followed the subjects for 4-1/2 years, noting who developed problems (57) and climbing stairs.
During the study, 34 percent of men and 47 (58) of women said they began to struggle with walking and climbing stairs. People (59) were inactive were twice as likely to report these problems as people who said they got regular exercise.
　　People who didn't exercise but had active lifestyles appeared to be at a somewhat higher risk of developing （60） walking and climbing stairs， relative to people who exercised （61）。 Still，leading an active lifestyle appeared to protect people （62） problems better than being generally inactive， the researchers report in the Journal of the American Geriatrics （老年医学）Society.
　　Among people who were inactive，（63）who walked even a little bit such as brisk （轻快的）walking for a little over an hour per week - were at a lower （64）of mobility （可动性） problems.
"If you do not like to exercise or you cannot exercise (65) of serious health problems or functional limitations, do try to be as active as possible, " Visser advised.
　　51 A young B new C still D active
　　52 A than B so C as D to
　　53 A suffer B benefit C result D start
　　54 A looking B appearing C seeming D staying
　　55 A children B people C women D youths