2014年职称英语考试《理工类C级》模拟题四
2013-12-18来源:和谐英语
第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
31、回答31-36题
Optimism
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient atprocessing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glasses half-full, nothalf-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reducesanxiety. A study of nearly 100, 000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart diseaseamong optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the studypoint out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts over estimating theirassets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: " SmokingKills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a veryfundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to losesleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
What does "sanguine" (Para. 2) mean?
A．Depressed.
B．Cheerful.
C．Lucky.
D．Emotional.
32、The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people_____.
A．are more optimistic than they believe
B．are less optimistic than they believe
C．like good news more than they think
D．like good news less than they think
33、What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A．Collecting false information.
B．Overemphasizing evidence.
C．Misjudging the situation.
D．Giving a pessimistic forecast.
34、The author suggests in the last paragraph that we_____.
A．adjust our goals in life
B．learn to release bad mood
C．avoid being overoptimistic
D．maintain a positive attitude
35、What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.
B．Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C．Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D．Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
36、回答36-41题
Starting Business
People from other countries often take America as the "land of opportunity". Americans,too, believe that the country gives no end of chances to those who want to open their ownbusinesses in this amazing place. Today, many Americans are still trying hard to become smallbusiness people, although only one out of two remains in operation after the first two years.
Many people start their small businesses for the wrong reasons. They want to get awayfrom the paper work of their present jobs or to exchange the responsibility of their present jobsfor free life styles. But more, not less, paper work and responsibility come with ownership of asmall business.
Thomas is the owner of the news magazine Mother Earth, which is now quite successful.He says that he had to work sixty hours without stopping when he was trying to bring out thefirst issue.
Thomas had waited for years after he came up with the idea for Mother Earth. During thatperiod of time, he collected as much information as he could about his business. He borrowedbooks from the library, talked to successful people in the field, and began planning carefully theamount of money and the kinds and numbers of supplies he would probably need. When hefinally opened with a capital of $1,500, he set up his office in the kitchen and his printingpress in the garage. Owing to his devotion to business, his talent, and his skill in management,Mother Earth now has a circulation of 300, 000.
Not all small businesses are doing as fine as Mother Earth is 50% of the 450, 000 that startin America every year fail. Still, 95% businesses in the U.S. can be called "small".Altogether these businesses amount to 40% of America's gross national product.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the small businesses in the US?
A．All of them close down in the first two years.
B．Most of them fail within the first two years.
C．They all make big profits.
D．Only half of them continue to operate after the first two years.
37、According to Paragraph 2, many people start small businesses in order to
A．do heavy work or earn more money
B．do less paper work or take less responsibility
C．do more paper work or take less responsibility
D．do light work or live quiet lives
38、What preparations did Thomas make before he started his business?
A．He stayed at home.
B．He borrowed money from a bank.
C．He made investigations and drew up a plan.
D．He wrote a book.
39、Thomas' success can be attributed to
A．his talent, his skill in management, and his devotion to his work
B．his good luck
C．his good relations with a business manager
D．his good treatment of his workers
40、How many businesses in the US can be called "small"?
A．5%
B．40%
C．50%
D．95%
41、回答41-46题
Tales of the Terrible Past
It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about thepast in a vivid and compelling manner, storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readersto consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some blackwriters who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.
Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery inher book Beloved. The main character in this novel, a former slave called Sethe, lives in Ohioin the years following the Civil War, but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories.Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences, the reader learns how and why Setheescaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband, who also tried to escape;and finally, what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison's scenes of torture and murderare vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.
Charles Johnson's Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different, yet no less violent.vantage point. His main character, Rutherford Calhoun, is a ne'er-do-well free black Americanwho stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he isdiscovered, Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africansare transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship, he finds himself in themiddle -- and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.
Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read, but both exemplify African American writes' attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience.
This passage is mostly about
A．the causes of slavery in America
B．black writers in the late 20th century
C．why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did
D．two novels that deal with slavery
42、Beloved is set
A．on a slave ship
B．on a plantation before the Civil War
C．in Ohio after the Civil War
D．in an African town
43、The writer seems to feel that
A．everyone should read Morrison's and Johnson's novels
B．the books are worthwhile but challenging
C．black writers should ignore racial issues
D．we will repeat the past if we don't learn about it
44、The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their
A．use of flashbacks
B．treatment of women
C．criticism of whites
D．portrayal of violence
45、The word appalling means
A．terrible
B．surprising
C．guilty
D．unrealistic
31、回答31-36题
Optimism
Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another "no", you might call yourself an optimist.
According to researchers at University College London, human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain, they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient atprocessing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glasses half-full, nothalf-empty, even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.
The good news is that this brings a health benefit. Having a positive outlook on life reducesanxiety. A study of nearly 100, 000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart diseaseamong optimists.
But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the studypoint out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts over estimating theirassets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.
There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot, lead researcher, said: " SmokingKills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a veryfundamental tendency in the brain. "
But, as they say, every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health, it's not something that is likely to cause us to losesleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!
What does "sanguine" (Para. 2) mean?
A．Depressed.
B．Cheerful.
C．Lucky.
D．Emotional.
32、The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people_____.
A．are more optimistic than they believe
B．are less optimistic than they believe
C．like good news more than they think
D．like good news less than they think
33、What mistake might analysts have made during the 2008 financial crisis?
A．Collecting false information.
B．Overemphasizing evidence.
C．Misjudging the situation.
D．Giving a pessimistic forecast.
34、The author suggests in the last paragraph that we_____.
A．adjust our goals in life
B．learn to release bad mood
C．avoid being overoptimistic
D．maintain a positive attitude
35、What is the main idea of the passage?
A．People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.
B．Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.
C．Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.
D．Optimism is what keeps us going forward.
36、回答36-41题
Starting Business
People from other countries often take America as the "land of opportunity". Americans,too, believe that the country gives no end of chances to those who want to open their ownbusinesses in this amazing place. Today, many Americans are still trying hard to become smallbusiness people, although only one out of two remains in operation after the first two years.
Many people start their small businesses for the wrong reasons. They want to get awayfrom the paper work of their present jobs or to exchange the responsibility of their present jobsfor free life styles. But more, not less, paper work and responsibility come with ownership of asmall business.
Thomas is the owner of the news magazine Mother Earth, which is now quite successful.He says that he had to work sixty hours without stopping when he was trying to bring out thefirst issue.
Thomas had waited for years after he came up with the idea for Mother Earth. During thatperiod of time, he collected as much information as he could about his business. He borrowedbooks from the library, talked to successful people in the field, and began planning carefully theamount of money and the kinds and numbers of supplies he would probably need. When hefinally opened with a capital of $1,500, he set up his office in the kitchen and his printingpress in the garage. Owing to his devotion to business, his talent, and his skill in management,Mother Earth now has a circulation of 300, 000.
Not all small businesses are doing as fine as Mother Earth is 50% of the 450, 000 that startin America every year fail. Still, 95% businesses in the U.S. can be called "small".Altogether these businesses amount to 40% of America's gross national product.
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the small businesses in the US?
A．All of them close down in the first two years.
B．Most of them fail within the first two years.
C．They all make big profits.
D．Only half of them continue to operate after the first two years.
37、According to Paragraph 2, many people start small businesses in order to
A．do heavy work or earn more money
B．do less paper work or take less responsibility
C．do more paper work or take less responsibility
D．do light work or live quiet lives
38、What preparations did Thomas make before he started his business?
A．He stayed at home.
B．He borrowed money from a bank.
C．He made investigations and drew up a plan.
D．He wrote a book.
39、Thomas' success can be attributed to
A．his talent, his skill in management, and his devotion to his work
B．his good luck
C．his good relations with a business manager
D．his good treatment of his workers
40、How many businesses in the US can be called "small"?
A．5%
B．40%
C．50%
D．95%
41、回答41-46题
Tales of the Terrible Past
It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about thepast in a vivid and compelling manner, storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readersto consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task of recounting history are some blackwriters who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.
Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery inher book Beloved. The main character in this novel, a former slave called Sethe, lives in Ohioin the years following the Civil War, but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories.Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences, the reader learns how and why Setheescaped from the plantation she had lived on; the fate of her husband, who also tried to escape;and finally, what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrison's scenes of torture and murderare vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.
Charles Johnson's Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different, yet no less violent.vantage point. His main character, Rutherford Calhoun, is a ne'er-do-well free black Americanwho stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its "cargo". Put to work after he isdiscovered, Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africansare transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship, he finds himself in themiddle -- and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.
Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read, but both exemplify African American writes' attempts to bring significant historical situations alive for a modem audience.
This passage is mostly about
A．the causes of slavery in America
B．black writers in the late 20th century
C．why Morrison and Johnson wrote the books they did
D．two novels that deal with slavery
42、Beloved is set
A．on a slave ship
B．on a plantation before the Civil War
C．in Ohio after the Civil War
D．in an African town
43、The writer seems to feel that
A．everyone should read Morrison's and Johnson's novels
B．the books are worthwhile but challenging
C．black writers should ignore racial issues
D．we will repeat the past if we don't learn about it
44、The writer emphasizes that the two books are similar in their
A．use of flashbacks
B．treatment of women
C．criticism of whites
D．portrayal of violence
45、The word appalling means
A．terrible
B．surprising
C．guilty
D．unrealistic
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