四级翻译考前辅导之一

        2．省略法
         省略法是将原文的某些词省去不译，因为译文虽无其词但已有其意。一般来说，英语中的冠词、连词、代词尤其是人称代词、关系代词、关系副词等译成汉语时常可省略。
         例如：They also say that the need for talent, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees.(CET-4 98.6)
        【译文】他们说，对有才干、有技术的美国人的需求意味着必须扩大潜在的雇员储备。
        【分析】原文的that和we省略不译，意思完整。
        They had fitted themselves to the climate here.
        【译文】他们已经适应了这里的气候。
        【分析】themselves省略不译，意思完整。
        We had learned a lot from the workers and technicians.
        【译文】我们从工人和技术人员那里学了不少东西。
        【分析】名词复数省略不译。
        It is desirable that the meeting should be held as soon as possible.
        【译文】希望这次会议尽早召开。
        【分析】It省略不译。
        We have tested 200 types of cloth, none of which is completely waterproof.
        【译文】我们已经试验了200种布料，没有一种能完全防水。
        【分析】of which省略不译。
        3．增词法
        为了使译文忠实地表述原文的意思并符合汉语的表达习惯，必须对译文增加一些词语。
         例如：This is usually when we are running into difficulties, when mismatch is occurring between expectations and meaning.(CET-4 94.1)
        【译文】这种情况通常发生在我们遇到困难，或期望与目标有出入时。
        【分析】根据上下文增加“发生”一词，句意完整清楚。
        The students have their class in a bright classroom.
        【译文】学生们在一间明亮的教室里上课。
        【分析】根据上下文增加量词“一间”，句意完整清楚。
        This plan with all its disadvantages is considered to be one of the best.
        【译文】尽管有种种不周全之处，这个计划仍被认为是最佳计划之一。
        【分析】根据上下文增加解释性文字“尽管”，句意完整清楚。
        At last my dream came true.
        【译文】我的梦想终于实现了。
        【分析】根据上下文增加助词“了”，句意完整清楚。
        The problem was both psychological and physiological.
        【译文】这个问题涉及心理和生理两个方面。
        【分析】根据上下文增加概括词“方面”，句意完整清楚。
        It is time to consider the environmental problems on a global scale.
        【译文】现在应该从全球范围来考虑环境问题。
        【分析】根据上下文增加表示时态的词“现在”，句意完整清楚。
        The finished products must be carefully examined before delivery.
        【译文】成品在出厂前必须加以仔细地检查。
        【分析】根据上下文增加表示语态的词“加以”，句意完整清楚。
        4．反译法
         由于汉英两种语言的思维逻辑、表达方式不同，英译汉时有时正译译不顺，翻译出的内容又不符合汉语的习惯表达方式，这就要从反面翻译。
        例如：
        
        Where many businesses compete for the customers’s dollar, they can’t afford to treat them like inferiors or slavers.(CET-4 99.1)
        【译文】一方面，商家为赚取顾客的钱而竞争；另一方面，他们又必须把顾客当上司和主人看待。
        【分析】把原文否定的形式can’t afford翻译成肯定的形式，把inferiors or slaves从反面表达改为“上司和主人”。
        When we read we may visit the most beautiful parts of the earth, without fatigue, inconvenience, and expense.
        【译文】我们阅读时可遍访地球上最美丽的地方，轻松、便捷、便宜。
        【分析】把原文否定的形式fatigue, inconvenience, and expense翻译成肯定的形式.
        You will lose your chance if you delay your action.
        【译文】如果迟迟不采取行动，你就会坐失良机。
        【分析】把原文肯定的形式delay翻译成否定的形式迟迟不。