四级翻译考前辅导之一

        5．分译法
         分译法就是在英译汉时把长句拆开来分译为短句，使句子通顺易懂。例如：
        There is another conversation which from our point of view is equally important, and that is to do not with what is read but with how it is read.
        【译文】我们认为还有另一种对话方式同样重要，那种方式不是解决读什么，而是解决怎样读的问题。
        【分析】由于原句比较长，翻译时按意群进行划分，译成三个分句，意思表达非常清楚。
        Man are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.
        【译文】男人们不会上时装设计者的当，因为他们很聪明。
        【分析】原句为一个整句，翻译时分译为两个分句。
        But the significant thing is not the behavior of the players but the attitude of the spectators and， behind the spectators， of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests， and seriously believe-at any rate for short periods-that running， jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue．
        【译文】然而使人深思的不是运动员的表现，而是观众的态度，还有那些在观众背后对这些可笑的比赛表现狂怒的国家的态度。他们还真相信一一跑、跳和踢球是对国民道德的检验，无论如何在短时间内他们是这样认为的。
        【分析】本句中有两个and将长句分为两部分，使句子十分清楚。所以，应将两个and所连的句子分开翻译。
        When all these shaping forces --schools，open attitudes，the premium system， a genius for spatial thinking-- interacted with one another on the rich U．S。mainland， they produced that American characteristic，emulation．
        【译文】那时，所有这些塑造力--包括学校的教育、开放的态度、奖励的机制、空间思维的能力等同富饶的美国大陆上相互交汇在一起，形成了美国人的个性，即竞争。
         【分析】该句的主句是"they produced that American characteristic，emulation．"其中， "emulation"指的是"characteristic"："when"引导的从句"when all theses haping forces --schools，open attitudes，the premium system， a genius for spatial thinking-- interacted with one another on the rich U．S．mainland’’充当主句的条件状语；破折号之间的部分是插入语，为四个并列成分，主要是解释shaping forces的内容。
        6．合译法
        合译法就是在英译汉时根据需要把分句合成一个整句。
        We look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more of the universe..
        【译文】我们期待着科学家们能够发现更多宇宙奥秘的那一天。
        【分析】原句为一个主句带一个从句，翻译时合成一个整句。