四级翻译考前辅导之三

  4. 状语部分
        
        　　英语中的状语部分，有时是介词或连词短语，有时是从句。英语的状语部分位置和汉语中的状语位置有时不同，考生做题时要符合汉语表达方式将它提前。故可采用逆向翻译法，即先译后面内容，再译前面的。
        
         　例（1）But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
        【分析】此句中，重点考的是对“almost as well……as they did with it”部分的翻译。首先要分析出句子结构，主语是that引导的同位语从句，谓语是“is”,宾语“victory”。As well … as 则可将其调为“as well as they did with it without government”。这样，整个句子各部分分清楚之后，翻译时把相应状语提前，整个句子表达就通顺了。
        
        【译文】但是，对许多人而言，穷人象以往一样在没有政府救济的情况下，生活照样过得很好，这一事实本身就是一个巨大的胜利。
        
         例（2）What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose profession identity(身份)than to step out of uniform?
         【分析】此句只要把“for…,or a waiter” 这个状语提前，整个句子结构就容易看出：for…，what easier way is there to lose professional identity than to step out of uniform?
        
        【译文】对于一名护士、一名警察、一为理发师或一名侍者而言，还有什么比脱掉制服更加便利的方法能让他们失去职业身份呢？
        
        5.同位语从句
        
        　　同位语从一般都较长，先将该从句用顺译法或合成法（视具体情况而定）译成一独立分句，然后前面的先行词视具体情况取舍或安排。
        
         　例（1）We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.
        【分析】此句重点考that引导的同位语从句译法，该从句中还套用一个who引导的定语从句。可以把that引导的同位语从句单独译成一分句。
        
        【译文】给我们留下极深印象的事实是：甚至那些没有被告知严重病情的疾人，对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的.
        
         　例（2）But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well as without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
        【分析】该句是一个that引导的同位语从句作主语，先将that后面内容翻译出来，然后把“the fact”调到后面作is主语。
        
        【译文】对许多人而言，穷人象以往一样在没有政府救济的情况下，生活照样过得很好，这一事实本身就是一个巨大的胜利。