大学英语四级模拟试题（七）

passage　4　

　　　　　　people　with　disabilities　comprise　a　large　part　of　the　population.　it　is　estimated　that　over　35　million　americans　have　physical,　mental,　or　other　disabilities.　about　half　of　these　disabilities　are　“developmental",　i.e.,　they　occur　prior　to　the　individual's　twenty-second　birthday,　often　from　genetic　conditions,　and　are　severe　enough　to　affect　three　or　more　areas　of　development,　such　as　mobility,　communication,　employment,　etc.　most　other　disabilities　are　considered　“adventitious",　i.e.,　accidental　or　caused　by　outside　forces.　

　　　　　　prior　to　the　20th　century,　only　a　small　percentage　of　people　with　disabilities　survived　for　long.　medical　treatment　for　these　disabilities　was　unavailable.　advancements　in　medicine　and　social　services　have　created　a　climate　in　which　people　with　disabilities　can　expect　to　have　such　basic　needs　as　food,　shelter,　and　medical　treatment.　unfortunately,　these　basics　are　often　not　available.　civil　liberties　such　as　the　right　to　vote,　marry,　get　an　education,　and　gain　employment　have　historically　been　denied　on　the　basis　of　disability.　

　　　　　in　recent　decades,　the　disability　rights　movement　has　been　organized　to　fight　against　these　infringements　of　civil　rights.　congress　responded　by　passing　major　legislation　recognizing　people　with　disabilities　as　a　protected　class　under　civil　rights　statutes.　

　　　　　　still　today,　people　with　disabilities　must　fight　to　live　their　lives　independently.　it　is　estimated　that　more　than　half　of　qualified　americans　with　disabilities　are　unemployed,　and　a　majority　of　those　who　do　work　are　underemployed.　about　two-thirds　live　at　or　below　the　official　poverty　level.　

　　　　　　significant　barriers,　especially　in　transportation　and　public　awareness,　prevent　disabled　people　from　taking　part　in　society.　for　example,　while　no　longer　prohibited　by　law　from　marrying,　a　person　with　no　access　to　transportation　is　effectively　excluded　from　community　and　social　activities　which　might　lead　to　the　development　of　long-term　relationships.　

　　　　　　it　will　only　be　when　public　attitudes　advance　as　far　as　laws　have　that　disabled　people　will　be　fully　able　to　take　their　rightful　place　in　society.

16.　a　“developmental"　disability　.

　　a.　develops　very　slowly　over　time
　　b.　is　caused　forces　
　　c.　occurs　in　youth　and　affects　development
　　d.　is　getting　more　and　more　severe　

17.　most　disabled　people　used　to　die　early　because　.　

　　a.　disabilities　destroyed　major　bodily　functions
　　b.　they　were　not　very　well　looked　after　
　　c.　medical　techniques　were　not　available　
　　d.　they　were　too　poor　to　get　proper　treatment　

18.　in　the　author's　opinion,　to　enable　the　disabled　people　to　take　their　rightful　place　in　society.　

　　a.　more　laws　should　be　passed
　　b.　public　attitudes　should　be　changed　
　　c.　government　should　provide　more　aids
　　d.　more　public　facilities　should　be　set　up　

19.　which　of　the　following　cannot　be　inferred　from　the　passage　?　

　　a.　many　disabled　people　may　remain　single　for　their　whole　life.　
　　b.　the　public　tends　to　look　down　upon　the　disabled　people.　
　　c.　the　disabled　people　feel　inferior　to　those　surrounding　them.　
　　d.　discriminatory　laws　prevent　the　disabled　from　mixing　with　others.　

20.　the　best　title　for　this　passage　might　be　.

　　a.　handicaps　of　people　with　disabilities
　　b.　the　difficulties　of　the　disabled　
　　c.　the　causes　for　disabilities　
　　d.　medical　treatments　for　disabilities