2007年英语四级最新模拟试卷三

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.
Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.
Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective wellbeings of a social groups members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.
Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit(阻碍) attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

62 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A、The problems faced by leaders. 
B、How leadership differs in small and large groups.
C、How social groups determine who will lead them.
D、The role of leaders in social groups.

63 The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT .
A、recruitment B、formal election process
C、specific leadership training D、traditional cultural patterns

64 Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A、person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.
B、Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.
C、A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D、Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.

65 In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 7, the author is making the point that .
A、few people qualify as “natural leaders”
B、there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist
C、“natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group
D、“natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics

66 The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on .
A、ensuring harmonious relationships B、sharing responsibility with group members
C、identifying new leaders D、achieving a goal

Part Ⅴ Error Correction

Direction:This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in thecorresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash in the blank.

When we speak of a human need, we mean something
which is unnecessary to life, something we can live with. 67 
Food is a human need. We will starve to death if there 68 
were no food on earth; but even if we have plenty of food,
but of the wrong kind, our bodies will have problem from
lack of the right food. This is known for malnutrition(营 69 
养不良）.
In countries where are not developed, man’s food 70 
needs are the same like in the most advanced societies. We 71 
all need food and could live a good life on very few types of
food. People in very developed countries eat only the kinds 72 
of food which can be grown near their homes, whereas
people in developed countries eat foods which are often
grown many thousands of miles away form their homes.
People in undeveloped countries are happy with less
different kinds of foods than people in very developed ones
are, so we can say that despite the needs of the two kinds 73 
of people are the same, their wants are different. People in
very developed countries eat many different types of
meat—they could live by only one, but they would be very 74 
unhappy because every time what they ate was the same.
Even such special foods like chicken would be less fun to 75 
eat if you had them every day. But we can’t just live on
meat—we need other kinds of food like bread, rice, and
vegetables which are no more necessary to our bodies. 76 

Part ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)

Direction:Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

77. Jinling Hotel, where I stayed during my first visit to Nanjing, （座落在）on Hanzhong Road.

78. I am sure we can solve the problem if we all (集思广益).

79. Mary constantly (挑剔)her husband, which annoys him.

80. It is no good waiting for the bus, (我们不妨走回家吧).

81. Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now (现在汽油的价格是几年前的两倍).