2009年6月大学英语四级预测题

　　Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) 
　　Section A 
　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. 
　　Coffee may counteract alcohol’s poisonous effects on the liver and help prevent cirrhosis (肝硬化), researchers say. In a study of more than 125,000 people, one cup of coffee per day cut the 47 of alcoholic cirrhosis by 20 percent. The coffee effect held true for women and men of various 48 backgrounds. 
　　It is 49 whether it is the caffeine or some other 50 in coffee that provides the protection, said study co-author Dr. Arthur Klatsky of the Kaiser permanent Division of Research in Oakland, Calif. The participants 51 from teetotalers(禁酒主义者), who made up 12 percent of the total, to heavy drinkers, who made up 8 percent. The researchers calculated the risk reductions rate for the whole group, not just the drinkers. Not all heavy drinkers develop cirrhosis, an 52 scarring of the liver that hurts the organ’s ability to filter toxins (毒素) from the blood. Klatsky said the new findings may help explain why some people’s livers 53 heavy alcohol use. 
　　Hepatitis(肝炎) and some 54 diseases can also cause cirrhosis. But the study found coffee did not 55 the liver against those other causes of scarring. 
　　The same study bund coffee drinkers had healthier results on blood tests used to measure liver function, whether or not they were heavy alcohol users. Coffee’s effect on reducing liver enzymes (酶)in the blood was more 56 among the heavy drinkers in the study. 
　　A)ingredient B)religious C) protect D) inherited 
　　E)covered F) ranged G) irreversible H)ethnic 
　　I) unclear J) risk K) factors L) disease 
　　M) apparent N) survive O) prevent 
　　Section B 
　　Directions: There are g passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. 
　　Passage One 
　　Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. 
　　Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a see of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.　　The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture and that one has to live in it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business around the world, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging. The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. 
　　Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: Patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversaries, know your audience, and know your customers. 
　　57. According to the passage, which of the following is true? 
　　A)All international managers can learn culture quickly. 
　　B)Business diversity is not necessary. 
　　C)Views differ on how to treat culture in business world. 
　　D)Most people do not know foreign culture well 
　　58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi. 
　　A) is in line with the theories of the school advocating business is business around the world 
　　B)is different from the model of McDonald’s 
　　C)shows the reverse of globalization 
　　D)has converged cultural differences 
　　59. The two schools of thought ____________. 
　　A) both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures 
　　B)both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries 
　　C)admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world 
　　D)can determine the performance of the companies decisively 
　　60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those. 
　　A)who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity 
　　B)who have connections to more than one type of culture 
　　C)who want to travel abroad 
　　D)who want to run business on an international scale 
　　61. According to Fortune, successful international companies -- 
　　A)earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas 
　　B)all have the quality of patience 
　　C)will follow the overseas local cultures 
　　D)adopt the policy of internationalization 
　　Passage Two 
　　Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. 
　　Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana(大麻) use increased among residents of Manhattan during the 5 --- 8 weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center which took place on September 11, 2001. Almost one third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September llth attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. 
　　About one fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10X reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana. 
　　The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened(筛选的) potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. 
　　During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September llth, 23. 4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5. 7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported drinking at least one extra drink a day. 
　　The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post traumatic (外伤的)stress disorder (PTSD)and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both FI’SD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances 
　　Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic(人口统计学的) factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September llth led to an increase in substance abuse. 
　　62. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was 
　　A)alcohol
　　B)marijuana
　　C) cigarettes
　　D) cocaine 
　　63. The survey participants were randomly selected __ 
　　A)United States citizens 
　　B)New York City citizens 
　　C)Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade Center 
　　D)American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack 
　　84. The author is trying to reveal in this article that 
　　A)use of substances may vary from time to time 
　　B)abuse of certain substances is harmful for health 
　　C) the attack of September 11th has left incurable harm to people’s mental health 
　　D)terrorist attack increase anxiety and sense of insecurity among residents 
　　65. After September 11 in America, . 
　　A) people who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have [ri’SD 
　　B) people who were living closer to the World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking 
　　C) displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were consistently　associated with increased substance use 
　　D) symptoms of panic attack were unrelated with increased use of substances 
　　66. It can be inferred that 
　　A) demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected 
　　B) gender and race do not have much effect on the amount of substance abuse 
　　C)age and marital status do not make any difference on substance abuse 
　　D)income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age