奥运广告，限制重重

RENEE MONTAGNE, HOST: One record likely to be broken at the Olympics this year is the number of people watching the competition unfold. Four billion people are expected to tune in. For advertisers, this would seem to be a golden opportunity - well, as long as one is approved.

NPR's Elizabeth Blair reports on the strict rules on which products can use the Olympics to promote themselves.

ELIZABETH BLAIR, BYLINE: Today is the beginning of the black-out. That's the period when athletes competing in the games may not appear in any advertising by companies who are not official Olympic sponsors.

To understand what this means, take Michael Phelps.

(SOUNDBITE OF SUBWAY ADVERTISEMENT)

MICHAEL PHELPS: Hey, guys, can I get one of those?

BLAIR: Subway is one of his long-time sponsors, but they are not Olympic sponsors. So an ad like this could not air between now and August 15th.

(SOUNDBITE OF SUBWAY ADVERTISEMENT)

JARED FOGLE: For Michael Phelps, it's a meatball marinara with jalapenos. What's your favorite?

BLAIR: But this commercial with Phelps washing his hair...

(SOUNDBITE OF HEAD AND SHOULDERS ADVERTISEMENT)

PHELPS: Two things I need before the race: music and the confidence to win.

BLAIR: ...is fine, because Head and Shoulders is a Procter and Gamble product, and they are a sponsor of the Olympics. Corporations have paid a lot of money to officially partner with the London Games. And that's why this and other rules exist, says Lisa Baird, chief marketing officer for the U.S. Olympic Committee.

LISA BAIRD: So it's a great protection for the sponsors, and it is a commitment that the athletes make to the International Olympic Committee.

BLAIR: Athletes who violate the rules risk being sanctioned. Peter Carlisle heads up the sports management company Octagon. He's secured a number of endorsement deals for Olympic athletes, including Michael Phelps. He is frustrated by the blackout rule. He says the U.S. Olympics Committee - or USOC - limits an athlete's ability to raise money.

PETER CARLISLE: But they also will use the athlete's publicity rights, for example, to raise money for the USOC. So that, to me, it's a bit contradictory.

BLAIR: Some athletes and advertisers just find clever ways to get around the rules. It's called ambush marketing, or promoting an affiliation with an event or property without permission. One legendary example is from the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, when sprinter Linford Christie showed up at a press conference wearing contact lenses with the Puma logo on them. So everywhere his image appeared the next day, so did his sponsor's logo. Puma's competitor Reebok had paid for sponsorship that year. Puma had not. But this year, the enforcers are on high alert, says Lisa Baird. You can't use anything related to the Olympics if you didn't paid for it.

BAIRD: You may not use any of our marks. You may not use our licensed footage. You may not use insinuation to - even to really convey that you might have a relationship with either the committee or the U.S. Olympic Team.

BLAIR: You can't even knit a sweater with the rings on it. A social networking site for knitters, called Ravelry, recently got a cease-and-desist letter from the USOC over their annual event called the Ravelympics. The letter said the name was an infringement. The knitters changed the name to the Ravellenic Games. But that slap on the wrist got a lot of attention, and the Olympics Committee apologized.

BAIRD: We have a great respect for American handcraft, and it was not our intention to be insensitive at all.

BLAIR: But they are still going to be very tough, says Baird, on anyone who uses the Olympics without permission. Policing all of the different advertisers and all of the different athletes on all of the different platforms will be quite a challenge. Elizabeth Blair, NPR News.

MONTAGNE: And among the most popular events at the Olympics are the women's gymnastics. Cue the music. Last night, the head of the USA's gymnastics team for London was announced. He's John Getter, who was also the personal coach of world champion Jordyn Wieber. Getter promptly tweeted: Pretty cool feeling. The U.S. women have only won a single Olympic title, back in 1996. This year, though, they're favored to win gold.

(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)

MONTAGNE: You're listening to MORNING EDITION, from NPR News.