自乔治王朝以来，葡萄酒杯增大了近7倍

Wine glasses in the UK are now on average seven times larger than they were three hundred years ago, new research has found.

一项新研究显示，英国的葡萄酒杯现在平均是300多年前的7倍大。

An investigation by Cambridge University identified a steady increase in the size of glassware from the early Georgian era and a rapid enlargement in the twentieth century.

剑桥大学的一项调查发现，从早期的乔治王朝时代以来，玻璃器皿的尺寸稳步增长，进入20世纪以来，增大趋势加剧。

Combined with an increase in the average strength of wine, the larger glasses mean today’s alcohol consumption from wine is likely to be far higher than in the past, researchers said.

研究人员称，随着葡萄酒平均强度的增加，增大的酒杯意味着如今的葡萄酒消费量可能远高于过去。

Additionally, a different Cambridge study published last year found that increasing the size of wine glasses boosted sales, even when the portion size remained the same.

此外，去年剑桥发表的另一项研究发现，增大酒杯的尺寸可以提高销量，即便份量大小保持不变。

For the new research, published in the British Medical Journal, the team obtained the measurements of 411 glasses from 1700 to modern day.

这项新研究发表在《英国医学杂志》上，研究小组找到了从1700年至今的411只红酒杯。

The found that wine glass capacity increased from 66ml in the 1700s to 417ml in the 2000s, with the mean wine glass size in 2016-17 being 449 ml.

研究发现，葡萄酒杯的容量从18世纪的66毫升增加到21世纪的417毫升，而近两年来，玻璃酒杯的平均容量更是上升到了449毫升。

Wine consumption increased almost four-fold between 1960 and 1980, and almost doubled again between 1980 and 2000 as wine became more affordable.

从1960年到1980年，葡萄酒的消费量增长了近4倍，1980年至2000年期间，随着葡萄酒的价格变得更亲民，销量几乎又翻了一番。

Research showed the ‘Glass Excise’ tax, levied in the mid-18th century, led to the manufacture of smaller glass products.

研究显示，18世纪中期征收的“玻璃消费税”导致了小号玻璃制品的生产。

This tax was abolished in 1845, and in the late Victorian era glass production began to shift from more traditional mouth-blowing techniques to more automated processes.

“玻璃消费税”在1845年被废除，在维多利亚时代后期，玻璃生产从劳动密集型口吹技术转向更自动化的生产过程。

“Whether this led to the rise in wine consumption in England, we can’t say for certain, but a wine glass 300 years ago would only have held about a half of today’s small measure,” the team wrote.

研究小组写道，“我们尚不能肯定是否是这个因素导致了英国葡萄酒消费量的上升，但300年前的葡萄酒杯只有今天小尺寸酒杯的一半大小。”

“On top of this, we also have some evidence that suggests wine glass size itself influences consumption.”

“除此之外，也有一些证据表明，酒杯的尺寸大小会影响消费。”

In England, wine is increasingly served in 250ml servings with smaller sizes of 125ml often absent from wine lists or menus, despite a regulatory requirement introduced in 2010 that licensees make customers aware that these smaller measures are available.

英国的酒水单或者菜单上提供的葡萄酒越来越多都是250毫升的份量，较小的125毫升往往都看不到了，尽管2010年曾出台一项法规，要求经营方能给顾客提供小份量的葡萄酒。