滴滴事件后：与其把安全交给别人,不如自己学会保护自己

The rate of sexual violence against women dropped nearly 60 percent between 1995 and 2010, according to a report released by the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics in March. However, that doesn’t mean women should let their guard down. "Regardless of where you live — in a city, or in some small town — if you drop your guard, there will be someone waiting to take advantage of you," said Steve Kardian, a martial-arts expert and former police officer who also consults for the Office of Public Safety at the New York State Division of Criminal Justice. The report said that cases of rape or sexual assault against females age 12 or older decreased from five cases per 1,000 in 2005 to two cases per 1,000 in 2010. Between 2005 and 2010, the highest rates of sexual violence occurred against women age 34 or younger in lower-income households, and against those who lived in rural areas. While men can also be victims of such violent crimes, and women can perpetrate such crimes, the vast majority are committed by men against women. Here are four tips to help women reduce their chances of becoming a victim of sexual violence.

根据美国司法统计局3月份发布的报告，1995年至2010年期间，针对女性的性暴力事件比例下降了近60％。但是，这并不意味着女性应该放松警惕。“无论你住在哪里—在一个城市，或在一个小城镇—如果你放松警惕，就有可能遭遇危险”武术专家兼前警察局长史蒂夫卡迪安说。它正在为纽约州刑事司法部公共安全办公室提供咨询。报告称，针对12岁或12岁以上女性的强奸或性侵犯案件从2005年的每千例五例减少到2010年的每千例两例。2005年至2010年期间，针对34岁或以下女性的性暴力发生率最高是在低收入家庭和在农村地区居住的人。虽然男性也可能成为这种暴力犯罪的受害者，而且女性可以犯这种罪行，但绝大多数是男性对女性犯下的罪行。以下是帮助女性降低成为性暴力受害者机会的四点建议。

(1) Pay attention to your surroundings

(1) 小心你的周围

When walking alone, women should avoid being distracted and should pay attention to their surroundings. Kardian recommends scanning areas that may look deserted but could be harboring predators, such as parking lots. "Be aware of your surroundings — don’t be on your cellphone when you’re walking to your car," he said. Women also should present strong body language and walk confidently, said Melissa Soalt, a martial-arts expert who teaches self-defense techniques. "Predators will test your boundaries to see how close they can get to you," she said. If a women feels threatened, she should lower her center of gravity, stand with her feet apart and knees slightly bent, and say "no" or "back off." Soalt also recommended that women practice using their peripheral vision. "Too often, we focus too much on what’s going on in front of us," when threats could be lurking from all sides, she said.

独自行走时，女性应避免分心，并应注意周围环境。Kardian建议小心看起来荒芜但可能危险区域，例如停车场。“要注意周围环境—当你走到你的车上前请不要用手机，”他说。自卫技巧的武术专家梅丽莎索尔塔说，女性也应该表现出强烈的肢体语言并自信地走路。“施暴者会测试你的界限，看看他们能接近你的距离，”她说。如果女性感到受到威胁，她应该降低重心，分开站立，膝盖稍微弯曲，并说“不”或“退缩”。Soalt还建议女性使用周围视力进行练习。她说，“我们常常把注意力放在面前发生的事情上，”但是这个时候威胁可能潜伏在你不忽略的周围。

(2) Listen to your gut

(2) 跟着你的直觉走

We all have it — that little voice inside our head that tells us something isn’t right. The problem is that people don’t always listen to it. "Women tend to be more forgiving, allowing strangers to talk with them — putting the good gift of intuition aside," Kardian said. But that’s how predators get close to you. "Predators are good liars — they’re good at staging a false reality," Soalt said. They lower your guard, gain your trust and get close to you. If you feel uneasy in a certain neighborhood, or if someone gives off a creepy vibe, it’s likely that your gut is telling you to get out of there.

我们都拥有它—我们脑海里的小声音告诉我们一些事情是不对的。 问题是人们并不总是倾听它。“女性倾向于更宽容，和陌生人进行交谈，把直觉丢在一边”卡迪安说。但这就是施暴者靠近你的方式。“施暴者是善于说谎的人—他们善于营造虚假的现实，”索尔特说。他们放松警惕，赢得你的信任并接近你。如果你在某个地方感到不安，或者有一些令人毛骨悚然的感觉，很可能是你的直觉告诉你，你需要立刻离开那里。

(3) Have a plan

(3) 提前做好计划

When a person is physically threatened, fear can cause a surge of adrenaline to rush through the body, but this could cause a person to freeze up and panic. Kardian suggests having a plan of action in place. "You can’t formulate a plan when you’re in a state of panic," Kardian said. "But if you already have a plan set in your head, you’re more likely to react well under severe distress." He said a big part of a predator’s game plan is the element of surprise. The best defense is to come up with a couple of surprises of your own. "Every predator has two fears: getting caught or getting hurt," Kardian said. "When you don’t act as the predator expects you to, you ruin his plan."

当一个人身体受到威胁时，恐惧会引起肾上腺素的高涨冲过身体，但这可能会导致一个人发生冻结和恐慌。Kardian建议制定一个行动计划。“当你处于恐慌状态时，你当下无法立刻思考和行动，”卡尔迪安说。“但是如果你已经有了一个计划，你就更有可能在严重困难的情况下做出立即的反应。”他说，施暴者的游戏计划的一大部分是令人惊讶的元素，最好的防守就是想出一些让对方措手不及的措施。“每个施暴者都有两个恐惧：被抓住或受伤，”卡迪安说。“当你没有像施暴者期望的那样行事时，你就毁了他的计划。”

One way to fight back is to be verbal. "Let them know you know they’re there,"he said. "Calling them out might cause them to back off." And even if a predator says, “Don’t scream or yell,” women should still be vocal," Kardian said. "Yelling or screaming will attract attention, which can save your life."

反击的另一种方式是口头表达。“让他们意识到你看到他们时，”他说。“召唤他们可能会让他们退缩。”即使一个施暴者说：“不要尖叫或叫喊，”女性仍然应该发出声音，“卡尔迪安说，“喊叫或尖叫会吸引注意力，这可以挽救你的生命。”

(4) Fight to escape

(4) 永远不要正面冲突

Although women can be strong, men have certain physical advantages over women, including upper-body strength, height and body frame. "Men who physically assault women will use their size, strength and terror tactics to subdue a woman," Soalt said. "The goal to fighting back is to escape." Soalt said women should not struggle against an assailant’s greatest strengths. "You’ll just exhaust yourself," she said. Instead, wait for the moment when he’s distracted. "A man will close in on your space, so use that close proximity to strike back," she said. Use simple, primal moves — strike the eyes, throat or groin — or use the heel of both of your palms to clap him hard on both ears, which will disorient him. "Any move you make has to be 100 percent so you have a chance to run," she said.

虽然女性可以变得强壮，但男性比女性还是具有一定的身体优势，包括上身力量，身高和体格。“施暴者会使用他们的体型，力量和恐怖手段来欺凌女性，”索尔特说。“反击的办法是逃避。”索尔塔特说，女性不应该与攻击者的最大优势进行抗争。“你会耗尽自己的力气，”她说。相反，等待他分散注意力的那一刻。“当他分神时，你要用近距离的反击手段，”她说。使用简单的原始动作—敲击眼睛，喉咙或腹股沟—或用两个手掌的根部在两耳上用力拍打他，这会让他懵圈。“你所做的任何反击都必须是步步到位，这样你才有机会跑步，”她说。