易被人工智能取代的职业类型

Just over a year ago, a technology startup called OpenAI released an experimental chat bot called ChatGPT.

就在一年多前，一家名为OpenAI的科技初创公司发布了一款名为ChatGPT的实验性聊天机器人。

Since then, the world has experienced an artificial intelligence revolution of sorts.

自那时起，世界经历了一场人工智能革命。

This year has seen major tech companies pour billions into the concept while world governments grapple with how to best regulate it.

今年，各大科技公司纷纷向这一概念投入数十亿美元，而世界各国政府则在努力解决如何对其进行最佳监管的问题。

What's clear, though, is that we don't really know how this AI revolution will actually look.

但是，显而易见，我们并不知道这场人工智能革命到底会变成什么样子。

And that's particularly clear with its effects on jobs.

而且，尤为明显的是，这场人工智能革命对就业造成了影响。

Earlier this year, cnn spoke to a professor about his study examining how some professions are more threatened by AI than others.

今年早些时候，cnn采访了一位教授，谈到了他的一项研究，这项研究调查了一些职业如何比其他职业更易受到人工智能的威胁。

Rapid advancement of AI platforms, such as ChatGPT, has everyone from librarians to judges, to nurses, to criminal investigators asking how exposed is my job?

ChatGPT等人工智能平台的快速发展，让从图书管理员到法官，到护士，再到刑事侦查员的每个人都在问，我的工作有多易受到威胁?

Lots of people are interested in understanding, what types of jobs are going to be affected by AI, what policy responses we might want to think about from a societal point of view.

很多人都有兴趣了解，哪种类型的工作将受到人工智能的影响，我们可能需要从社会角度考虑哪些政策应对措施。

This is Professor and AI expert Rob Seamans, and he co-authored a paper ranking nearly 800 jobs in their exposure to artificial intelligence, particularly to AI language modeling.

这是人工智能专家罗布·希曼斯教授，他与人合著了一篇论文，对近800种受到人工智能(尤其是人工智能语言模型)影响的工作进行了排名。

So I'm not in the top 20, however, I am number 22 on the list.

我没有进入前20名，不过，我在名单上排第22。

The methodology takes 52 human abilities used at various jobs as defined by the Department of Labor.

这种方法采用了美国劳工部定义的人类在不同工作中使用的52种能力。

There could be things like inductive and deductive reasoning, image recognition, language comprehension, and to ones that are much more physical.

可能是归纳推理与演绎推理，图像识别，语言理解这些能力，也可能是身体方面的能力。

So trunk strength, arm, hand steadiness, something like that.

如躯干力量，手与胳膊的稳定，诸如此类。

And maps those 52 human abilities to 10 areas where AI most excels.

然后将这52种人类能力与人工智能最擅长的10个领域相联系。

Things like image generation, image recognition, language modeling, and things like that.

比如图像生成，图像识别，语言模型等等。

The more those AI skills and human abilities overlapped, the more a job was determined to be exposed to AI.

人工智能技能与人类能力重叠的越多，就决定了一份工作就越容易受到人工智能的威胁。

To focus the study, they did not consider the effects of robots and other automated machines in the research.

为了集中研究，他们在研究中没有考虑机器人和其他自动化机器的影响。

And that skewed the rankings for some jobs that you might think would be more vulnerable to advances in technology.

这影响了一些更容易受到技术进步影响的工作排名的准确性。

Workers in a manufacturing setting or maybe transportation and warehouse type settings score very low in an exposure to AI, as opposed to exposure to other types of automation.

与其他类型的易受人工智能影响的自动化行业相比，制造业、运输业和仓储业的工人在受人工智能威胁方面得分偏低。

The type of job is that the study found or most exposed to AI, white collar occupations, often with high education requirements and higher pay.

研究发现，最易受到人工智能威胁的工作类型是白领职业，这类职业通常对教育程度要求较高，收入也较高。

If you look at the top 20 occupations that are most exposed to advances in language modeling, 14 of those top 20 are professors.

如果观察最易受到语言模型进步威胁的前20个职业，其中有14个职业是教授。

If you look at the number one thing that a professor does, it's prepare and deliver lectures.

如果观察教授做的最重要的事情，那就是备课与授课。

And we know that language modeling is really helpful when it comes to preparing content that you might later on then deliver to a classroom.

我们知道，当涉及到准备稍后可能会在课堂上讲授的内容时，语言模型真的非常有用。