大学英语自学教程 上册 un12

[04:19.24]重要的作家对该词的一种实际用法.
[04:22.71]He reads the cards carefully, discards some, re-reads the rest,
[04:26.95]词典编辑认真阅读每张卡片,
[04:31.18]and divides up the stack according to what he thinks  are the several senses of the word.
[04:35.57]有些就废弃 不用了,
[04:39.95]Finally, he writes his definitions,
[04:43.18]后他要写定义.
[04:46.41] followlng the hard-and-fast rule that each definition must be based on what
[04:50.48]这时他应严格遵循一条规则:
[04:54.56]the quotationsin front of him reveal about the meaning of the word.
[04:58.38]每个定义都必须根据他面前的提示该词词义的引文.
[05:02.21]The editor cannot be influenced by what he thinks a given word ought to mean
[05:06.14]编辑不能受到他自己认为某个词应是什么词义的影响.
[05:10.07]He must work according to the cards, or not at all
[05:12.80]他必须根据卡片资料进行工作,要不就别干.
[05:15.53]The writing of a dictionary, therefore,is not a task of setting up authoritative statements
[05:19.76]所以说,编写词典这一任务不是提供一些关于词的
[05:24.00]about the "true meanings" of words,
[05:26.62]准确词义"的权威说法,
[05:29.25]but a task of recording, to the best of one' s ability,
[05:32.73]而是尽最大可能地记录很久以前的
[05:36.22]what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past.
[05:40.75]或不久以前的作家们对各个词所认定的词义是什么.
[05:45.29]If, for example, we had been writing a dictionary in 1890
[05:48.81]假如说我们曾在1890年,
[05:52.34]or even as late as 1919,
[05:55.37]或者甚至晚在1919年编写了一部词典,
[05:58.40]we could have said that the word "broadcast"means "
[06:02.03]我们可以说," broadcast "一词的词义是"散播,撒播"
[06:05.66]to scatter" (seed, for example),
[06:08.09](如散播种子)
[06:10.52]but we could not have stated that from 1921 on,
[06:14.54]但我们不可能说,这个词的最常用的词义从1921年起
[06:18.57]the most common meaning of the word should become
[06:21.51]应该变成
[06:24.44]"to send out programs by radio or television."
[06:27.71]"用广播或电视发送节目".
[06:30.97]In choosing our words when we speak or write,
[06:33.69]我们说话或写作的时的选词
[06:36.41]we can be guided by the historical record provided us by the dictionary
[06:39.88]应以词典提供的历史记录为指南,
[06:43.36]but we cannot be bound by it, because new situations,
[06:46.64]但不就应被它束缚住,因为新情况,
[06:49.91]new experiences,new inventions,new feelings,are always forcing us to give new uses to old words.
[06:55.14]新经验,新发明,
[07:00.36]looking under a "hood,"
[07:02.28]新看法总是迫使我们给旧词以新的用法.
[07:04.20]we should ordinarily, have foundfive hundred years ago, a monk;
[07:07.43]500年前,如果我们朝" hood"下看去,我们一般会看到一个修道士;
[07:10.65]today, we find a car engine.
[07:12.88]而今在" hood"下面看到的却是一台汽车发动机.
[07:15.10]Text B
[07:17.94]Reading Provides Necessary Survival Skills
[07:20.62]阅读给我们必要的生存技能
[07:23.30]With the coming of the television age
[07:25.22]随着电视时代的到来
[07:27.14]and the increasing emphasis on pictures and sound in all quartets of our society,
[07:30.57]和社会各人方面都日益强调图象和声音，
[07:34.01]many people would have us believe
[07:35.78]很多人企图使我们相信，
[07:37.56]that we are moving rapidly away from reading as a necessary life skill.
[07:40.53]我们正迅速离开阅读这一必要的生活技能。
[07:43.49]But this is not the case at all.
[07:45.16]但情况完全不是这 样。
[07:46.83]Good reading is a more important life skill than ever before
[07:49.77]好的阅读能力比过去任何时候都是更重要的生活技能，
[07:52.71]and the printed word continues to be the cornerstone
[07:55.19]印刷的资料继续是
[07:57.68]of both higher education
[07:59.56]受高等教育
[08:01.44]and better positions in the job market.
[08:03.41]和在人材市场中谋求更好职位的基础。
[08:05.38]For students, almost all studying involves reading.
[08:08.01]对学生来说，几乎所有的学习都涉及阅读。
[08:10.63]For adults,reading is day to day,
[08:13.01]对成年人来说，阅读天天进行，
[08:15.39]either a stumbling blockor a smooth path to pleasure and opportunity.
[08:18.77]它要么是通往乐趣和机遇的平坦道路，要么是一块绊脚石。
[08:22.15]This is why good reading habits are not only an important study skillfor the student,