大学英语自学教程 上册 un23

[00:00.00]Unit 23 text A
[00:04.78]Non-verbal Communication
[00:07.01]非言语交际
[00:09.25]If anyone asked you what were the main means of communication between people,
[00:13.07]如果有人问你，人与人之间的主要交际手段是什么，
[00:16.90]what would you say?
[00:18.78]你会怎么说呢？
[00:20.66]That isn't a catch question.
[00:22.88]这不是一个难以回答的问题。
[00:25.10]The answer is simple and obvious.
[00:27.43]答案简单又明显。
[00:29.75]It would almost certainly refer to means of communication
[00:33.44]几乎完全可以肯定地证券交易，
[00:37.12]that involve the use of words.
[00:39.34]它是使用语言的交际手段。
[00:41.56]Speakers and listeners--oral communication
[00:44.64]说话者与听话者使用口语交际；
[00:47.73]and writers and readers written communication,And you'd be quite right.
[00:50.70]作者与读者使用书面语交际。
[00:53.68]And you'd be quite right.
[00:55.81]你的回答应当说是相当的正确。
[00:57.94]There is, however, another form of communication
[01:00.81]但是还有一种
[01:03.69]which We all use most of the time, usually without knowing it.
[01:07.25]我们不知不觉地随时使用的交际形式。
[01:10.82]This is sometimes called body language.
[01:13.50]这就是我们有时所说的身姿语，
[01:16.17]Its more technical name is non-verbal communication.
[01:19.45]用更专业性的术语来说，就是非言语交际。
[01:22.73]Nonverbal, because it does not involve the use of words.
[01:26.52]之所以叫做非言语交际是因为交际中未使用语言。
[01:30.31]NVC for short.
[01:32.83]“非言语交际”的英文缩写为NVC 。
[01:35.35]When someone is saying something with which he agrees,
[01:38.17]如果一般的欧洲人同意某人所说的某件事时，
[01:40.99]the average European will smile and nod approval.
[01:44.42]他用微笑和点头表示 赞许。
[01:47.86]On the other hand, if you disagree with what they are saying,you may frown and shake your head.
[01:52.24]反之，如果你不同意某人所说，你可能会皱眉与摇头。
[01:56.61]In this way you signal your reactions and
[01:59.29]你用这种方法一言不发地
[02:01.97]communicate them to the speaker without saying a word.
[02:05.05]表示了你的反应并把它传递给了对方。
[02:08.13]I referred a moment ago to "the average European"
[02:11.16]我刚才说的是“一般欧洲人”,
[02:14.19]because body language is very much tied to culture,
[02:17.13]因为身势语与文化有关固定的关系。
[02:20.07]and in order not to misunderstand,or not to be misunderstood, you must realize this.
[02:24.69]为了不误解别人的意思或不被别人误解，你必须认识到这一点。
[02:29.32]A smiling Chinese, for instance,may not be approving
[02:32.70]比如，中国人微笑可能并不表示赞许，
[02:36.08]but somewhat embarrassed.
[02:38.07]而是某种尴尬的表现。
[02:40.05]Quite a lot of work is now being done on the subject of NVC,
[02:43.58]关于NVC问题，人们正在做很多的研究工作。
[02:47.11]which is obviously important
[02:49.29]这一点，比如对管理人员来说，
[02:51.47]for instance,to managers who have to deal every day with their staff,
[02:55.29]显然十分重要，因为如果要创造良好的工作条件
[02:59.12]and have to understand what other people are feeling if they are to create good working conditions.
[03:03.11]管理人员必须每天与他的员工打交道，必须了解别人都在想些什么。
[03:07.09]Body language, or NVC signals, are sometimes categorised into five kinds
[03:11.41]身姿语，即NVC信号，有时可归为五类：
[03:15.74]1. body and facial gestures;
[03:18.56]1体势与面部表情；
[03:21.38]2. eye contact; 3.body contact or "proximity"
[03:25.71]2目光接触；3身体接触，即“亲近度”;
[03:30.05]4. clothing and physical appearance and 5. the quality of speech.
[03:34.82]4着装与外观；5言语质量。
[03:39.59]I expect you understood all those, except perhaps "proximity.
[03:43.06]我想诸位都懂得这些概念，也许“新近度”例外。
[03:46.53]" This simply means "closeness".
[03:49.17]亲近度不过就是靠近的程度”。
[03:51.81]In some cultures--
[03:53.73]在某些文化中——
[03:55.65]and I am sure this is a cultural feature and not an individual one
[03:59.03]我相信这是文化特性而并非个人的特性
[04:02.42]it is quite normal for people to stand close together,
[04:05.66]当别人和你说话的时候，你们站在一起距离很近，
[04:08.89]or to more or less thrust their face into yours when they are talking to you.