大学英语自学教程 上册 un23

[08:06.22]而是因为发生了某种事情：
[08:08.65]a gesture, a movement, a smite,
[08:11.17]是一个手势，一个动作或一个微笑所致。
[08:13.69]Social scientists ale nowdevoting considerable attention
[08:16.33]社会科学家现在相当注意研究
[08:18.96]to "non-verbal communication,'
[08:21.09]“非言语交际”，
[08:23.22]what happens when people get together,
[08:25.20]即人们在一起时，
[08:27.17]apart from their actual eonversation.
[08:29.09]除了实际交谈外还发生的事情。
[08:31.01]Professor Erving Goffman of the University of Pennsylvania
[08:33.93]宾夕法尼亚大学的欧文’高夫曼教授
[08:36.86]is involved in a continuing study
[08:38.99]参与一项关于
[08:41.12]of the way people behave in soeial interaction.
[08:43.55]人们在社会交往中的行为方式的系列性研究。
[08:45.98]He feets that gestures,movements
[08:48.20]他感到手势、动作
[08:50.42]and physical elosehess have meaning
[08:52.49]和身体距离都具有
[08:54.57]which the words that the people are using do using not carry.
[08:57.25]人们用语言所不能表达的含义。
[08:59.92]The closeness of two people when talking,
[09:01.95]两人谈话时的靠近程度、
[09:03.97]movement towards and away from each other,
[09:06.31]彼此相距更接近还是更远离，
[09:08.65]and the amount of eye eontactatl 'reveal something
[09:11.38]以及目光接触程度都能显示
[09:14.11]about the nature of the relationship between the two individuals.
[09:17.05]两人关系性质的某些情况。
[09:19.99]We tend to be only subeonseiouely aware,
[09:22.21]我们对社会行为的
[09:24.43]if at all of the various patterns and rituals of social behavor.
[09:27.85]各种模式和礼仪纵有所知，也常是下意识的。
[09:31.27]We expect other people to act aceording to the same "rules" that we do
[09:34.21]我们期待别人也按我们的“规则”行事，
[09:37.15]so much so that the manners and behavior of persons
[09:39.79]以至处于另一种文化背景下的人的某些行为举止
[09:42.43]from another culturecan be extremely confusing.
[09:44.79]会使我们感到极为困惑。
[09:47.15]For example,
[09:48.53]例如，
[09:49.90]North Americans tend to expect more physical distance between two speakers than do Latin Americans.
[09:53.92]北美洲人与拉丁美洲人相比，前者更希望两人说话之间应保持更大一些的距离。
[09:57.94]Consequesntly,
[09:59.52]因此，
[10:01.10]when the Latin American seens to be leaning too closethe
[10:03.47]当一位拉丁美洲人似乎靠得太近的时候，
[10:05.83]North American complains of "invasionof his space.
[10:08.63]北美洲人便抱怨“侵犯了他的空间”。
[10:11.42]"The,Latin American, on the other hand,
[10:13.64]反过来，拉丁美洲人认为
[10:15.86]often considers the North American to be "cold" or "distant"
[10:18.68]北美洲人“冷淡”或“疏远”，
[10:21.51]because he keeps a greater distance between himselfand the person he is speaking to.
[10:24.59]因为北美洲人与跟他说话的人之间保持着更大的距离。
[10:27.67]Eye contact is one way of measuring the degree of closeness
[10:30.30]虽然目光接触对不同的文化具有不同的含义，
[10:32.92]of relationship between two speakers,
[10:35.00]但它是一种衡量两个说话人之间
[10:37.07]although there are cultural variations in the meaning of eye contact.
[10:39.65]关系密切程度的手段。
[10:42.22]In the Middle East, for example,
[10:43.98]在中东，如果
[10:45.75]it is considered extremely provocativefor a woman to let a man catch her eye,
[10:48.88]一个女人让一个男人注视她的眼睛，就被认为是挑逗性的，
[10:52.02]let alone return his gaze.
[10:53.90]更不要说交换眼神了。
[10:55.78]Social psychologist Michael Argyle observes
[10:57.85]社会心理学家迈克尔’阿盖尔观察到
[10:59.93]that there is more eye contact between people who like each other
[11:03.01]在彼此喜欢的人之间比彼此漠不关心或者相互敌视的人之间
[11:06.10]than those who are indifferent or hostile towards each other.
[11:08.53]目光接触要更多些。
[11:10.96]And the longer the length of the gaze,
[11:13.33]听讲者向讲话人注视的时间愈长，
[11:15.71]the more likely it is that the listener is more interestedin the person who is speaking
[11:18.74]愈有可能说明听讲者更喜欢讲话人
[11:21.77]than the actual topic of conversation.
[11:23.95]而不是讲话的内容本身。
[11:26.13]Frequently looking down can indicate submissiveness or embarrassment.