大学英语自学教程 上册 un15

[07:58.68]表演的第一幕是
[08:00.42]an orange-colored block is lifted from a blue box
[08:02.99]一块橘红色的积木从一只蓝色盒子里取出,
[08:05.56]and moved slowly across the stage.
[08:07.64]慢慢地从舞台一头移到另一头,
[08:09.72]Then it is returned to the box.
[08:11.90]然后放回到盒子里.
[08:14.08]This is repeated six times.
[08:16.12]这个过程重复六次。
[08:18.16]Act 2 is similar, except that the orange block is smaller.
[08:21.49]第二幕类似，不同的是橘红色积木比较小。
[08:24.82]Baby boys do not seem to notice the difference in the size of the block,
[08:27.69]男孩似乎没有注意到积木体积上的变化，
[08:30.56]but girls immediately become excited
[08:32.63]而女孩很快兴奋起来，
[08:34.69]and begin to make noises that sound like language.
[08:36.87]并发出听起来像语言的声音，
[08:39.05]They seem to be trying to talk.
[08:40.82]似乎企图说些什么。
[08:42.58]It is known that bones, muscles,and nerves develop faster in baby girls.
[08:46.01]大家知道女孩的骨骼、肌肉和神经发育得更快些。
[08:49.45]Usually, too, baby girls talk at an earlier age than boys do.
[08:52.68]女孩通常也比男孩说话早。
[08:55.90]Scientists think there is a physical reason for this.
[08:58.14]科学家认为这中间有生理上的原因。
[09:00.37]They believe that nerves in the left side of the brain
[09:02.94]他们认为女孩比
[09:05.52]develop faster in girls than in boys.
[09:07.75]男孩左半脑神经发育更快些。
[09:09.98]And it is this side of the brain
[09:11.90]而正是大脑的左侧
[09:13.82]that strongly influences an individual's ability to use words,
[09:16.85]强烈地影响着一个人使用词汇、
[09:19.88]to spell, and to remember things.
[09:22.10]拼写和记忆事物的能力.
[09:24.32]By the time they start to school,
[09:26.26]因此,到了开始上学的时候,
[09:28.19]therefore,little girls have an advantage that boys do not have.
[09:31.15]女孩子有男孩子没有的优势.
[09:34.12]Girls are physically more ready to remember facts,to spell,and to read
[09:37.50]在生理上,女孩子更容易记忆事物.拼写和阅读.
[09:40.88]These,of course,are skills that are important in elementary school.
[09:43.81]这些在小学阶段当然是重要的技能。
[09:46.74]But what have the boys been doing in the years before starting school?
[09:49.37]然而,男孩在上学前在干些什么呢？
[09:52.01]They have been developing something called aggression.
[09:54.39]他们发展了一种称之为进取心的东西。
[09:56.77]An aggressive person has courage arid energy.
[09:58.99]一个有进取心的人是有勇气和精力的人。
[10:01.21]He feels strong and independent.
[10:03.04]他感到有力量，具有独立性，
[10:04.87]He is often the first one to start a fight.
[10:06.94]常常首先挑起争斗。
[10:09.02]What produces aggression in little boys?
[10:11.06]是什么造成小男孩具有进取心呢？
[10:13.09]It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.
[10:16.02]长期以来人们认为进取心是雄性激素造成的，
[10:18.95]Scientists today believe that male hormones are only part of the explanation, however:
[10:22.18]但现在科学家们相信雄激素只能解释其中的部分原因。
[10:25.42]They say aggressiveness in boys is also caused by mothers.
[10:28.24]他们指出男孩的进取心也是由母亲养成的。
[10:31.07]A team of psychologists discovered this by placing mothers
[10:33.80]这个结论是一组心理学家通过下列实验发现的实验安排一些母亲。
[10:36.53]and their one-year-old babies in a room filled with toys.
[10:38.96]和他们一岁的孩子们呆在一间放满玩具的房间里。
[10:41.38]The room had a wall through which the scientists could observe what happened with but being seen.
[10:44.52]房间有面墙,科学家可以隔墙观察到房间里发生的情况,而自己不会被人看见。
[10:47.65]They took notes on everything the mothers and babies did.
[10:49.98]他们把母亲和孩子们
[10:52.30]Here is a sample of those notes,
[10:54.34]的所作所为记录下来。
[10:56.38]taken during the observation of a baby boy and his mother:
[10:59.11]下面是观察一个男孩和他母亲时记录下来的片断：
[11:01.84]"Baby leans against mother.
[11:03.61]“孩子靠在母亲身上，
[11:05.39]Looks up at her.  She speaks to him.
[11:07.77]抬头看她。她跟他说话。
[11:10.15]She turns him around.  He walks away, picks up toy cat.
[11:13.18]她把他的身子转过去。他走开，拾起玩具猫，