大学英语自学教程 上册 un18

[04:06.41]但是必须以耶路撒冷国中心，
[04:09.23]as it was held to be the center of the Christian faith
[04:12.06]因为耶路撒冷被认为是基督教信仰的中心。
[04:14.88]and east was moved to the top.
[04:17.10]于是东方被移到上面。
[04:19.32]These maps are often called "T" Maps because they show only
[04:23.14]这些地图经常被称为“T”形地图，
[04:26.97]three continents--Europe, Asia and Africa--separated by the "T"
[04:30.75]因为它们只表现三大洲——欧洲、亚洲和非洲
[04:34.52]formed by the Mediterranean Sea and the River Nile.
[04:37.39]被地中海和尼罗河所构成的“T”形所分开。
[04:40.27]From a navigational point of view, they were almost useless.
[04:43.83]从航海的观点看，它们几乎一无所用。
[04:47.40]More accurate maps began to appear in the 14th century,
[04:50.59]随着贸易的发展和对罗盘的日益依赖，
[04:53.77]with the spread of trade and increasing reliance on the compass.
[04:57.10]更精确的地图直到14世纪开妈出现。
[05:00.43]Once again, north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps.
[05:04.12]北方再一次恢复了其在地图上方的合理位置。
[05:07.80]Text B
[05:10.86]You Have a Choice
[05:12.69]你面临选择
[05:14.51]Two trains are traveling side by sideand at the same speed along parallel tracks.
[05:18.39]两列火车在平行的轨道上同速并驾齐驱。
[05:22.27]We are seated in one of the trains,
[05:24.55]我们坐在其中的一列车上，
[05:26.82]and with us we have a special speedometer that measures their relative speed
[05:30.04]并且随身带了一个特殊的测速表来测量它们的相对速度。
[05:33.27]Since the trains are traveling at the same speedtheir relative speed is zero;
[05:37.10]因为这们是同速行驶，它们的相对速度为零；
[05:40.92]the speedometer therefore reads "0."
[05:43.65]因此，速度表的读数是“0“。
[05:46.38]Suddenly the other train seems to start pulling ahead of ours.
[05:49.41]突然，另一列火车似乎开始赶到我们这列车的前面去了。
[05:52.44]The speedometer shows a reading of 10 miles per hour.
[05:55.27]速度表读数为10英里每小时。
[05:58.09]The other train has apparently increased its speed.
[06:00.52]这一列车显然增加了速度。
[06:02.95]But can we be absolutely certain of this increase?
[06:05.48]但是我们能够绝对地肯定这一点吗？
[06:08.01]If your answer is yes, you are wrong.
[06:10.64]如果你的答案为“是”，你就错了。
[06:13.26]You are wrong because all that we know
[06:15.50]你错了是因为我们知道的
[06:17.73]is that the relative speedbetween the two trains
[06:20.36]只不过是两列车的相对速度
[06:22.98]changed from 0 mph to 10 mph.
[06:25.71]从0英里每小时增加到10英里每小时。
[06:28.44]Nothing more.
[06:30.03]仅此而已
[06:31.63]This change could have been brought about in one of two ways:
[06:34.71]这个变化可以由下列二者之一引起：
[06:37.79]1.The other train increased its speed.
[06:40.61]1。另一列车加了速度；
[06:43.44]2.Our train decreased its speed.
[06:46.07]2。我们的列车减慢了速度。
[06:48.71]There are thus two possible explanations
[06:50.89]因此，有两种可能的解释说明这一速度的变化，
[06:53.07]to account for the change in speed we don't know which one is right.
[06:56.01]但是我们不知道哪一种是对的。
[06:58.95]Furthermore, regardless of which explanation we choose,
[07:01.77]此外，不管我们选择哪一种解释，
[07:04.59]the end result will be the same:
[07:06.57]结果都是一样的：
[07:08.54]the other train will arrive at the station first.
[07:10.96]另一列车将先到达车站。
[07:13.37]So it makes no difference whether we say that the other trainincreased its speed
[07:16.45]所以我们无论是说另一列车提速了
[07:19.54]or that our train decreased its speed.
[07:21.56]还是我们的车减速了都没有区别。
[07:23.59]Since both explanations lead to the same result you can choose either one.
[07:26.72]既然两种解释都带来相同的结果，你可以任选其一。
[07:29.85]Whenever two things are relative, you can choose either one of them.
[07:32.83]每当两个事物是相对的时候，你都可以任选其一。
[07:35.81]The converse is also true:
[07:36.83]反之亦然，
[07:37.85]whenever you have a choice between two things that are equally possible
[07:40.67]即每当你面临两个具有相同可能性的事物时，
[07:43.49]then the things are relative.
[07:45.57]这两个事物就是相对的。
[07:47.64]There is no reason, except convenience for choosing one explanation over the other.