高中英语人教版2000年高三下01

[08:10.28]野牛长到齐肩1.5米,它们能够称1100千克.
[08:12.80]It was an important part of Native Americans' existence.
[08:15.44]它是美洲土著人生活的一个重要部分.
[08:18.08]Bison were killed for their meat,
[08:19.96]野牛被杀取出它们的肉,
[08:21.84]while their fur provided warm clothing during cold winters.
[08:24.66]在寒冷的冬天,它们的皮为人们提供暖和的衣服.
[08:27.48]The skins were used for making tents and water containers.
[08:30.16]它们的皮被用来制做帐篷和装水的容器.
[08:32.84]Bones were carved into needles and tools,
[08:37.51]and the teeth were used to make necklaces.
[08:39.55]骨头被雕刻成针和工具,牙齿用做项链.
[08:41.59]From 1830 onwards in the USA and from about 1870 in Canada,
[08:45.52]在美国从1830年前和在加拿大从1870年,
[08:49.45]settlers began to move westwards
[08:53.50]and to take possession of the plains as their own.
[08:55.78]殖民者开始向西迁移,并把平原据为己有.
[08:58.07]Large groups of Native Americans were forced
[09:02.62]to move away from their old hunting grounds
[09:04.74]大批美洲土著人被迫离开他们的猎场.
[09:06.87]When they objected,they were killed.
[09:09.11]当他们反抗时就会被杀害.
[09:11.34]Fierce wars between Native Americans and European settlers broke out.
[09:14.21]美洲土著人和欧洲殖民者激烈的战争爆发了.
[09:17.09]Settlers made agreements with Native American chiefs
[09:19.57]殖民者和美洲土著人的领袖定一个协议,
[09:22.05]but always broke them afterwards.
[09:23.98]但是后来他们总是违反了.
[09:25.92]In this way Native Americans were forced onto poor land
[09:29.09]就这样,美国土著人被赶到贫瘠的土地上去了.
[09:32.26]that the settlers did not want.
[09:34.04]殖民者不想要的.
[09:35.82]The settlers built railways across the plains
[09:40.36]and began to hunt even more bison.
[09:42.54]殖民者修建了一条铁路横穿平原并开始更多地杀害野牛.
[09:44.72]While early settlers had killed bison for food,
[09:47.15]当在早期时殖民者杀野牛做食物,
[09:49.58]now the killing became more widespread.
[09:51.61]现在杀野牛变得更广泛了.
[09:53.63]They killed the bison, cut off the skins
[09:58.10]and left the bodies behind to rot.
[10:00.16]他们把野牛杀了,取下它们的皮,让它们的身体腐烂.
[10:02.23]The bison skins were sent by rail to cities to be sold.
[10:05.15]这些牛皮被火车运到城市去卖.
[10:08.08]It was also thought that by removing their main supply of food,
[10:10.60]当时还有人认为,切断美国土著人的主要供给,
[10:13.12]the Native Americans would be forced to give in.
[10:15.44]他们就会被近屈服.
[10:17.77]Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population is thought to have fallen
[10:21.60]在1850年到1910年之间,据说野牛的数量下降
[10:25.42]from 60 million tojust a few hundred.
[10:28.21]从6000万到只剩几百.
[10:30.99]The killing of the bison changed the whole wildlife of the plains.
[10:33.72]杀害野牛引起整个平原的野生动植物的改变.
[10:36.45]With fewer bison,grass shoots were not eaten
[10:41.20]so grass did not grow as strongly.
[10:43.17]由于太少野牛,草发芽了却没有牛去吃,所以草就能生长得很强壮.
[10:45.15]Bison waste no longer fell on the ground to improve the soil,
[10:47.73]地上不再有野牛的粪便来改善土质了.
[10:50.32]which as a result became less good for growing plants.
[10:53.05]结果变得越来越少好的土壤来种植了.
[10:55.78]The ground supported fewer plants,
[10:57.80]地上越来越少的植物,
[10:59.83]and the insects which lived on these plants died out.
[11:02.45]靠这些植物为生的昆虫死光了.
[11:05.08]There was less food for birds and also for the prairie dog,
[11:07.96]鸟类和草原土拔鼠的食物少了,
[11:10.85]a kind of animal which lives in holes in the ground.
[11:13.37]一种生活在地底洞里面的动物.
[11:15.89]This in turn had an effect on the food supply for wolves.
[11:19.07]这对狼的食物供应有一个坏的影响.
[11:22.24]Thus one simple fact,a change in the number of bison,
[11:25.51]这样一个简单的事实,野牛数量的变化,
[11:28.77]had an effect on the whole wildlife chain of the plains.
[11:32.10]对平原的整个野生生物链都产生了影响.