NPR News:沙特等国被移出伤害儿童黑名单 潘基文因经费问题让步

Twenty human rights groups have united in fury. And they've channeled that fury in a letter to the secretary-general of the United Nations. The subject is Saudi Arabia and whether the Saudi-led coalition belongs on a U.N. blacklist for killing and maiming children in Yemen. First, the coalition was on the list and then it was off.
20个人权组织因愤怒团结在一起。他们在一份写给联合国秘书长的信中表达了他们的愤怒。这封信的主题是沙特阿拉伯及沙特领导的联盟是否应该因导致也门儿童伤亡被列入联合国黑名单。该联盟曾被列入黑名单，但后来又被移除。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

BAN KI-MOON: This was one of the most painful and difficult decisions I have had to make.
That's U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon explaining why he dropped the Saudi coalition from the list despite research by the U.N.'s own investigators documenting that the coalition is responsible for wounding almost 2,000 children last year in the war in Yemen.
潘基文：这是我不得不做出的最痛苦、最艰难的决定。
这是联合国秘书长潘基文解释他将沙特联盟移除黑名单的原因，虽然联合国的调查人员发现，该联盟在去年的也门战争中导致近2000名儿童受伤。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

KI-MOON: The report describes horrors no child should have to face. At the same time, I also had to consider the very real prospect that millions of other children would suffer grievously if, as was suggested to me, countries would de-fund many U.N. programs.
潘基文：报告描述了儿童本不应该面对的恐怖。另外，我还要考虑现实前景，正如我被暗示的，一些国家会从联合国项目中撤资，数百万其他国家的儿童将会遭受痛苦。

INSKEEP: The allusion there is to threats by the Saudis to cut off payments to the United Nations, something the Saudi ambassador to the United Nations, Abdallah al-Mouallimi, has denied.
因斯基普：这里是在暗示沙特阿拉伯威胁要切断资助联合国项目的资金，不过沙特阿拉伯驻联合国大使阿卜杜拉•穆阿利米否认了这一说法。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)
ABDULLAH AL-MOUALLIMI: We do not need to resort to threats and intimidation. All that we need to do is point out the facts, and that's what we did.
阿卜杜拉•穆阿利米：我们没有必要进行威胁和胁迫。我们所需要做的是指出事实和我们所做的事情。

KELLY: Amnesty International, one of the groups that signed the protest letter, says, quote, "no less than the credibility of the United Nations is on the line." Margaret Huang is head of Amnesty International, USA.
凯莉：其中一个在抗议信中署名的组织——国际特赦组织表示，“联合国的公信力已经岌岌可危。”玛格丽特•黄是国际特赦组织美国分站的负责人。

MARGARET HUANG: A special representative, like the one who put together this blacklist, is an independent expert. They're not required to bow to political or diplomatic pressure. And the fact that the secretary-general intervened in a list prepared by one of these independent experts is quite alarming.
And if the secretary-general is not willing to stand behind the independent expert's review and listing of Saudi Arabia as a problem state, then it actually raises questions about the entire human rights system, which is why you've seen the alarm from so many of our human rights organizations.
玛格丽特•黄：整理这份黑名单的特别代表是一名独立专家。他们不会因屈服于政治或外交压力而让步。事实是，联合国秘书长干预了由一名独立专家撰写的名单，这件事相当惊人。
如果联合国秘书长不愿支持独立专家的调查，不支持将沙特列入问题国家名单，那这会对整个人权系统提出质疑，所以才会有这么多人权组织发出警示。

KELLY: Now, Saudi Arabia's ambassador to the U.N. has weighed in on the controversy and said the casualty figures involving children, that the U.N. has put out, are, quote, "wildly exaggerated." What's your response?
凯莉：沙特阿拉伯驻联合国大使回应该争议时表示，联合国公布的包含儿童的伤亡数字是“夸大其词”。你对此如何回应？

HUANG: I would say that Amnesty International and many other groups have also documented similar, if not higher, numbers. I think, generally, the U.N. statistics are more conservative than the human rights organizations, which have more people on the ground doing in-person interviews with witnesses to those situations.
And we've seen, from our documentation and interviews on the ground, that children have been the target of many of the airstrikes that the Saudi Arabian coalition has led. Of the 30 investigations, more than 30, that we did over the last year, we've definitely documented hundreds of children being killed. And we're just one of many groups who are paying attention.
黄：我要说，国际特赦组织和其他组织公布的数字与之类似，甚至有更高的数字。我认为，基本上来说，联合国的数据比人权组织的数据更保守，因为人权组织有更多人员在所涉国家对目击者进行当面采访。
我们能从这些文件和采访中看到，儿童是沙特阿拉伯领导联盟的空袭目标。在我们去年进行的30多个调查中，我们发现有数百名儿童在空袭中死亡。而我们只是关注这一情况的众多组织中的其中一个。

KELLY: Help us understand why this list matters. What are the implications for a country of being on this list?
凯莉：请告诉我们为什么这个名单如此重要。一个国家被列入这个名单意味着什么？

HUANG: No country likes to be shamed by openly being named. A year ago, the United Nations was considering putting Israel on the list as well because of the deaths of many children in Gaza during the warfare there. We, at that time, criticized the U.N. for not including Israel on the list because of the same political pressures that were being placed on the U.N. This year it's gone to a whole new level where they actually did determine to put Saudi Arabia on the list, and now they've backed away.
黄：没有国家喜欢因公开点名而蒙羞。一年前，联合国考虑将以色列加入该黑名单，因为许多儿童在加沙战争中死亡。那时，我们指责联合国因同样的政治压力而没有将以色列列入该名单。今年，情况完全上升到了一个新的水平，因为联合国已经决定将沙特阿拉伯列入黑名单，但是现在又放弃了。

KELLY: Margaret Huang, interim head of Amnesty International, USA.
凯莉：以上是国际特赦组织美国分站负责人玛格丽特•黄。