澳大利亚的毒品战争 Australia's war on drugs

Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English. I’m Chris.
大家好，欢迎收听BBC六分钟英语栏目。我是克里斯。
And I’m Rosie.
我是罗西。
And today we are going to talk about a proposal in Australia to legalise the possession of soft drugs.Rosie, let’s start with a question for our listeners.When was the first international treaty to combat the sale and use of drugs signed?
今天我们谈论一下一项在澳大利亚使软毒品合法化的提议。罗西，让我们从一个问题开始节目吧。第一个应对毒品交易和使用的国际条约是什么时候签署的？
That’s a difficult one. Go on, give me a clue.
这是个很棘手的问题。给我点线索吧。
Well, you’ll have our usual three options. So listen carefully. When was the first international treaty to combat the sale and use of drugs signed? Was it in:a) 1962b) 1945c) 1912
好吧，给你我们通常的三个选项。仔细听。第一个应对毒品交易和使用的国际条约是什么时候签署的？答案是：a) 1962b) 1945c) 1912
It helps to think about historical facts that took place at the time. So in the 60s we had the hippies and the so called counter-culture; in 1945, the end of World War II and in 1912… well, the Titanic sank!
这可以帮助考虑到这些时间发生的历史事件。在60年代有嬉皮士和反文化，1945年二战结束，1912年...嗯，是泰坦尼克号沉没！
OK, think about it. The answer will come by the end of the programme. Have a crack at it!
好吧，考虑一下。答案将在节目末尾揭晓。试一试吧！
Crack?! Oh, to have a crack at something means to have a go or to try something. In this case it means to try to guess the answer to the quiz. But it’s also the name given to a particular kind of drug sold on the streets. And one considered very harmful to a person’s health.
裂缝？！哦，to have a crack at something的意思是试一下。在这种情况下这意味着尝试猜测问题答案。但这也是一种在大街上销售的特殊毒品的名称。一种非常有害身体健康的毒品。
Yes it is. And it is not defined as a soft drug. Often drugs are classified, or organised, according to the potential harm they can cause people. Hard drugs are those that are classified as most harmful or addictive, such as cocaine or heroin. Crack cocaine would be one of them.
是的。它不是一种软性毒品。毒品通常由其对身体的潜在危害程度而被分类。硬性毒品是指那些有害的或令人上瘾的药物，例如可卡因或海洛因。可卡因是其中之一。
And the soft ones are those that are sometimes seen as being less harmful, such as marijuana and ecstasy. These seem to be the ones now being discussed in Australia.
软性毒品是指那些危害较小的毒品，例如大麻、迷幻药。这些似乎正是在意大利商讨的毒品。
That’s right. The Australian foreign minister has announced that he would like to see soft drugs decriminalised, or made legal.
是的。澳大利亚外交部长宣布，他希望看到软毒品合法化。
That’s very controversial. Why has he decided to say this?
这十分有争议。为什么他决定这样说呢。
Well, let’s listen to the BBC correspondent Duncan Kennedy in Sydney. See if you can hear what personal experience the Australian minister has of drugs.
让我们听听BBC记者肯尼迪从悉尼发来的报道。看看你是否能听到澳大利亚部长在毒品方面有什么样的个人经历。
Bob Carr is known to be a straight talker on many subjects. Now Mr Carr says that when it comes to what he calls soft drugs, there should be a policy of decriminalisation. Mr Carr, whose younger brother died from a heroin overdose, says that police are wasting their time and resources trying to stop individuals carrying these drugs.
鲍勃·卡尔在许多方面被认为是一个直言者。现在卡尔先生表示，就软性毒品而言，应该有一个合法化的政策。卡尔的弟弟死于过量服用海洛因，卡尔说，警方试图阻止个人携带这些药物是在浪费时间和资源。
So it has to do with his brother and a heroin overdose – he took an excessive amount of this drug and died.
所以这对于他的兄弟和海洛因过量也是一样，海洛因过量是指因过量服用海洛因而致死。
Yes, his tragic experience of losing his brother to drugs has motivated him to call for soft drugs to be legalised. And, as the reporter says, he seems to be a straight talker indeed – someone who likes to speak very honestly and directly.
是的，他因毒品而失去弟弟的悲伤经历激发他去呼吁软性毒品合法化。记者所说的他实际上似乎是一个直言者，是指喜欢非常诚实和直接的讲话的人。
But not everyone agrees with him. Let’s hear from the BBC correspondent in Australia.
并不是每个人都同意他的观点。让我们听听BBC驻澳大利亚记者的报道。
Mr Carr’s boss, the Prime Minister Julia Gillard, said she didn’t want to see any drugs decriminalised. Ms Gillard said that people should continue to get help for their addiction and the police should carry on trying to stop drug usage.
卡尔的上司，朱莉娅·吉拉德总理表示她不希望任何毒品合法化。吉拉德表示，人们还需要因成瘾而获得帮助，而警察需要继续禁止毒品。
Ahhhh. Now I remember where I’ve heard this name! It was in the news. She is the foreign minister’ boss – Julia Gillard is the Australian Prime Minister!
啊。我现在记起我在哪听到这个名字了！是在新闻中。他是外交部长的上司——茱莉亚?吉拉德是澳大利亚总理！
And she didn’t agree with him. She wants people to get help for their addiction or their dependence on drugs but she does not want the decriminalisation of any drug.
她不同意他的观点。她希望人们因成瘾或依赖毒品而获得帮助，但她不希望任何毒品合法化。
But Bob Carr is not alone in his thinking, Chris. I’ve heard that there is a think tank in Australia that believes he has a point. This organisation conducts research into social or economic issues for the government and it wants the introduction of a carefully controlled system to deal with these drugs.
但克里斯，鲍勃·卡尔的想法并不孤单。我听说澳大利亚有一个智囊团认为他说的有道理。该组织对政府的社会或经济问题进行了调研工作，它希望引入一项谨慎的控制系统来处理这些药物。
In countries such as Switzerland and the Netherlands they have organised carefully controlled programs where drugs users are given small amounts of drugs, such as heroin, to help them.
诸如瑞士和荷兰这些国家已组织了谨慎控制项目——向吸毒人员提供少量如海洛因等毒品来帮助他们。
Yes, it’s a risky strategy as heroin is highly addictive but by providing drugs in a controlled and legal way they believe it can help to reduce crime and the health risks associated with drugs. But, you know, I see the point of people worried about the harm drugs can cause. It’s is a difficult subject, Chris.
是的，这是一个危险的策略，因为海洛因是很容易上瘾的，但通过控制和合法的方式提供药物，他们相信这可以帮助减少犯罪和与毒品相关的健康风险。但是，我认为人们担心毒品可能会带来危害。这是个很棘手的问题，克里斯。
It is.
是的。
Let’s see what happens with this war on drugs during the next few months.But for now, I am curious about the quiz. Chris, I still haven’t answered the question.
接下来的几个月让我们看看还会发生什么有关毒品战争的事情。但是现在我对小测验很好奇。克里斯，我还没有得到答案。
And the question was: When was the first international treaty to combat the sale and use of drugs signed? And I gave you three options. Was it in:a) 1962b) 1945c) 1912
问题是：第一个应对毒品交易和使用的国际条约是什么时候签署的？我给了你三个选项。答案是：a) 1962b) 1945c) 1912
It must have been in 1962 because in the 60s there seemed to be many drugs around.
一定是在1962年，因为60年代似乎有许多毒品。
How about 1912?
1912年呢？
No, I think that’s a bit too early.
我认为这有点太早了。
The answer is 1912! You see, 100 years ago, narcotics passed from country to country with minimal interference from the authorities but that all changed with the International Opium Convention signed in the Hague. From then onwards, countries were committed to stopping the trade in opium, morphine and cocaine.
答案是1912！你看，100年前，毒品在最低的当局干涉下在各个国家之间运输，但这一切都因在海牙签订的国际鸦片公约而改变了。从那时起，各国都致力于禁止鸦片、吗啡和可卡因方面的贸易。
Really? Was it that early?
是吗？有这么早吗？
Yes. And unfortunately we are now late by the way; we have to finish the programme now. But we leave you with today’s words.
是的，但不幸的是现在太晚了，我们必须马上结束节目。但你首先提示下今天的词汇吧。
Yes, of course. They are:
好的，当然。它们是：
a straight talker
直言者
decriminalisation
合法化
a heroin overdose
海洛因过量
boss
上司
addiction
上瘾
think tank
智囊团
carefully controlled
谨慎控制
committed
承诺
Thanks very much Rosie. And that’s all we’ve got time for today. Bye for now.
谢谢你，罗西。以上就是我们今天的节目。再见。
Bye.
再见。