正文
新概念第二册自学导读 Lessons68
课文详注 Further notes on the text
1.I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我穿过马路以便避开他,但他看到我并朝我跑过来。
(1)avoid 以及本课中出现的 enjoy, fancy, mind, finish等动词后面只跟名词性的宾语,即只跟名词或动名词:
They managed to avoid a car crash/crashing their car into the wall.
他们设法躲过了一起汽车撞车事故/避免了将车撞在墙上。
(2)running 引导的是分词短语,作状语,修饰 came,表示伴随状况:
She ran after the thief shouting out for help.
她一边追赶小偷,一边大声喊叫求助。
2.It was no use pretending that I had not seen him…若再装做没看见他已是没有用了……
这句话中,it是先行主语,真正的主语是 pretending 引导的动名词短语。It is (of) no use doing…是个固定结构(其中的 of可省略),表示“做……也是徒劳的/无益的”:
It is (of) no use worrying about your family.
为你的家人担心是无益的。
3.No matter how busy you are…不管你多忙……
no matter可与疑问词 (how, who, when, where, what等)一起引导让步从句,表示“无论”:
No matter where you go, you can't forget your home.
无论你到哪里,都无法忘记自己的家。
No matter what I say, I seem to say the wrong thing.
无论我说什么,都似乎说得不当。
4.I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning. 我得想办法不让他整个上午缠着我。
think of在这里的含义是“想出”, way在这里表示“办法”, a way of后面的部分用于修饰 way。prevent表示“阻止/制止”时其常用结构为 prevent sb. from doing sth., from可以省略:
I can't prevent you from going if you want to.
你如果想去,我无法阻止。
5.You're not busy doing anything, are you? 你不忙,是吧?
这是一个附加疑问句,又称反意疑问句,是由陈述句后面加简略疑问句构成。陈述句如果是肯定的,则附加疑问句通常用否定形式;陈述句如果是否定的,则附加的疑问句用肯定形式。陈述句中有助动词时,附加疑问句重复其中的助动词;如果没有,则用do的各种形式构成:
John was angry, wasn't he?
约翰生气了,不是吗?(肯定式+否定式)
He hasn't left, has he?
他没走,是吗?(否定式+肯定式)
I can see him, can't I?
我可以见他,不是吗?(情态助动词作助动词)
You like it, don't you?
你喜欢它,不是吗?(没有助动词时加do)
6.Would you mind my coming with you? 我跟你一道去行吗?
(1)Would/ Do you mind…? 是一个用来表示客气的请求或征求意见的结构,其中可以用if引导的从句或动名词结构。表示“同意/不介意”时,用“No, not at all”或“Certainly not”来回答;不同意时往往用一些委婉的说法,如“ I'm sorry, but…”等回答,不用“yes, I do”:
(2)如果动名词的动作执行者与句子的主语不一致时,它前面可以加所有格形容词或宾格代词,作为动名词的逻辑主语(cf. 本课语法):
I hope you won't mind my staying here.
我希望你不介意我呆在这儿。
语法 Grammar in use
动名词的一些用法
(1)在第20课的语法中,我们学习了动名词的基本形式和作用,在第44课的语法中,我们学习了动名词用于某些短语动词
(look forward to, be used to等)之后、一些表示喜好的动词(hate, love, prefer等)之后不定式与动名词的区别以及 need 和want之后动名词的用法等:
I like watching TV.
我喜欢看电视。(一般行为)
I'd like to watch TV.
我(现在)想看电视。(特定)
The strap needs mending.
这提包带需要修理。(动名词在这里有被动的含义)
(2)有些动词后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。这些动词包括 avoid, admit, deny, fancy, finish, enjoy, mind(在乎,在意),suggest, stand(容忍)等:
I tried to avoid meeting him.
我试图避开他。
I never enjoy meeting Nigel Dykes.
我就怕遇到奈杰尔·戴克斯。
I haven't finished speaking yet.
我还没有说完。