注射器需要重新设计的理由

Twenty-five-and-a-quarter years ago I read a newspaper article which said that one day syringes would be one of the major causes of the spread of AIDS, the transmission of AIDS. I thought this was unacceptable. So I decided to do something about it.

二十五年又三个月前我在报纸上读到一篇文章说，在未来，针筒将成为传染爱滋病，散播爱滋病的主要原因之一。 我觉得这是令人无法接受的。所以我决定要有所改变。

Sadly, it's come true. Malaria, as we all know, kills approximately one million people a year. The reuse of syringes now exceeds that and kills 1.3 million people a year. This young girl and her friend that I met in an orphanage in Delhi, were HIV positive from a syringe. And what was so sad about this particular story was that once their parents had found out, and don't forget, their parents took them to the doctor, the parents threw them out on the street. And hence they ended up in an orphanage.

可悲的是，这已是事实。虐疾，如我们所知，每年夺走大约一百万条人命。重复使用的针筒已经比这还严重，每年夺走一百三十万条人命 这个小女孩和她的朋友是我在德里的孤儿院遇到的，她们是因为针筒而成为爱滋病带原者。这个故事最让人感到心酸的是，当她们的父母发现她们得病时，别忘了，最初是父母带她们到医生那里去看病才染病的，就把她们遗弃在街上，从此她们就只能被孤儿院收容。

And it comes from situations like this where you have either skilled or unskilled practitioners, blindly giving an injection to someone. And the injection is so valuable, that the people basically trust the doctor, being second to God, which I've heard many times, to do the right thing. But in fact they're not. And you can understand, obviously, the transmission problem between people in high-virus areas.

这种情况的起因，是因为这些有照或无照的医护人员盲目地帮人打针。打针在那里是如此地珍贵，人们基本上十分信任医生。我常常听到这种说法说，医生是仅次于上帝，会做正确的事。事实并非如此。很明显地，你不难去了解，在病毒密度高的地方的传染问题。

This video we took undercover, which shows you over a half an hour period, a tray of medicines of 42 vials. Which are being delivered with only 2 syringes in a public hospital in India. And over the course of half an hour, not one syringe was filmed being unwrapped. They started with two and they ended with two. And you'll see, just now, a nurse coming back to the tray, which is their sort of modular station, and dropping the syringe she's just used back in the tray for it to be picked up and used again. So you can imagine the scale of this problem. And in fact in India alone, 62 percent of all injections given are unsafe.

我们用隐藏的摄影机拍摄这个影片，你可以看到在半个钟头里面，这推车上有42管的注射剂。这在印度的一个公立医院里，全部只用两支针筒来注射。在半个钟头的影片里，没有看到任何拆封新针筒的画面，这两支针筒从头用到尾。你可以看到，这里，护士回到这个推车，这是类似她们的护理站，把她刚用过的针筒放下来，放在推车上等一下再拿起来继续使用。你可以想见这个问题的严重性，事实上光在印度，百分之62的注射是不安全的。

These kids in Pakistan don't go to school. They are lucky. They already have a job. And that job is that they go around and pick up syringes from the back of hospitals, wash them, and in the course of this, obviously picking them up they injure themselves. And then they repackage them and sell them out on markets for literally more money than a sterile syringe, in the first place. Which is quite bizarre. In an interesting photo, their father, while we were talking to him, picked up a syringe and pricked his finger -- I don't know whether you can see the drop of blood on the end -- and immediately whipped out a box of matches, lit one, and burned the blood off the end of his finger, giving me full assurance that that was the way that you stopped the transmission of HIV.

这些巴基斯坦的小孩子不上学，他们很幸运，他们已经有工作了。他们的工作是到医院的后面，去收集针筒，并清洗针筒，这么做的同时，他们当然会扎伤自己。他们把针筒重新包装拿到市场上去卖，可以卖到很好的价钱。比全新无菌的针筒还贵。这挺奇怪的。 在这个照片里，我们跟小孩的爸爸谈话，他拿起了一个针筒时扎伤了自己，我不知道你们有没有看到流出的血滴。他赶快拿出一盒火柴，点亮一支火柴把手指上的血烧干，他跟我保证，这么做就可以防止爱滋病的传染。

In China, recycling is a major issue. And they are collected en mass -- you can see the scale of it here -- and sorted out, by hand, back into the right sizes, and then put back out on the street. So recycling and reuse are the major issues here. But there was one interesting anecdote that I found in Indonesia. In all schools in Indonesia, there is usually a toy seller in the playground. The toy seller, in this case, had syringes, which they usually do, next door to the diggers, which is obviously what you would expect. And they use them, in the breaks, for water pistols. They squirt them at each other. Which is lovely and innocent. And they are having great fun. But they also drink from them while they're in their breaks, because it's hot. And they squirt the water into their mouths. And these are used with traces of blood visible.

在中国针筒的回收是个大问题。针筒被大批地回收，你可以在这里看到它的规模，按大小来分类，全部用手，再送回市场上去卖，所以再回收再使用。 在这里是个大问题，我在印尼倒是遇到一个有趣的故事，在印尼所有的学校里在操场上通常有一个卖玩具的人。在这里这个卖玩具的人把针筒当玩具卖，这并不少见，针筒和铲子一类的玩具摆在一起，这是常可预见的。学童们在下课时间用针筒当水枪玩，他们把水射来射去，看来很天真可爱 ，他们玩得很开心。但他们也从针筒里喝水，在下课的时间，因为天气很热，他们用针筒把水射到嘴里，而在这些针筒里面常常还有残留的血。

So we need a better product. And we need better information. And I think, if I can just borrow this camera, I was going to show you my invention, which I came up with. So, it's a normal-looking syringe. You load it up in the normal way. This is made on existing equipment in 14 factories that we license. You give the injection and then put it down. If someone then tries to reuse it, it locks and breaks afterwards. It's very very simple. Thank you. (Applause) And it costs the same as a normal syringe. And in comparison, a Coca-Cola is 10 times the price. And that will stop reusing a syringe 20 or 30 times.

所以我们需要更好的产品，更好的资讯。我想，让我借这台摄影机我要让你们看看我的发明，我的新主意。 这看起来跟一般的针筒没两样，用一样的方法把药剂吸入。我们发给了十四家厂商许可来制造这针筒，打完了针以后放下针筒， 如果有人要再去使用它， 它会锁死并会断裂。这是十分十分简单的。谢谢 （掌声）这和一般的针筒的价格是一样的，跟可口可乐比起来，可口可乐比它贵了十倍 这可以防止针筒重复被使用20或30遍。

And I have an information charity which has done huge scale amount of work in India. And we're very proud of giving information to people So that little kids like this don't do stupid things. Thank you very much. (Applause)

我有一个资讯慈善机构，在印度已经做了很多工作，我们对提供资讯给人们感到很自豪，这使得小朋友们不会去作傻事。谢谢你们（掌声）