定语从句之专题二：that引导定语从句（系统讲解内在原理）
6. which/whom作介词的宾语时，可以代替为that吗？可以省略吗？介词与which/whom，靠得紧则不能换不能省，靠得不紧则能换能省。详细地说，①介词与which/whom在一起时，which/whom既不能替换为that/who也不能省略。②介词与which/whom分开时（介词置于句尾），which/whom既可以替换为that/who也可以省略。
This is the pen which/that/∅ I wrote the letter with.
This is the hero whom/who/that/∅ we are proud of.
本文小结：定语从句的引导词that的代替与省略。因为引导词对先行词的复指（重复指定），所以，定语从句的引导词有时可以代替或省略。一般地，若不产生歧义，那么可以代替或省略。最常见的考点是：that/who(m)/which的代替和对比，that/who(m)/which作在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
分组对比练习
题组25（that/which/who(m)引导定语从句）
第1—3题考查“先行词是指物的不定代词时，如何选择引导词？”，第4—5题考查“引导词在定语从句中作指人表语时，如何选择引导词？”，第6—7考查其它必须用that的情况。
1. I refuse to accept the blame for something ____ was someone else’s fault. (2010,全国II) that
A. who B. that C. as D. what
句意：我拒绝接受由于别人的过错而导致的对我的责备。
分析：先行词是指物的不定代词时，关系代词用that。sth that。选B。
2. The thought of going back home was____kept him happy while he was working abroad.(上海高考题)
A. that B. all that C. all what D. which all that。选B。
3. Please send us all the information ____ you have about the candidate for the position. （2014,陕西）
A. that B. which C. as D. what
句意：请把你拥有的关于这个职位的候选人的所有信息发给我们。
分析：先行词是all the information，用that，即，all…that。选A。
4. Her sister has become a lawyer,_____ she wanted to be. （2005,湖北）
A. who B. that C. what D. which
分析：①引导词在定语从句中作表语时用which指人。②who(m)不能在定从中作表语。选D。
5. When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.（2012，北京） A. that B. which C. where D. when
分析：引导词在定语从句中作表语时用which指人。选B。
6. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving in an area____interact with one another.(2013.上海)
A.that B.where C.who D.what
分析：先行词是the living and nonliving，既有人又有物，用that。选A。
7. Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ____ life has developed gradually.（2010,福建）（陷阱题） A. that B. where C. which D. whose
分析：先行词被强势指定时，关系代词用that（但是关系副词不在此限）。本题应该用the only… where。选B。
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