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定语从句之专题一:从定语从句原理可以推导出定语从句的绝大部分规则

2020-10-19来源:和谐英语

 

题组20(…of which/whom引导定语从句) 

1. The man pulled out a gold watch, ____ were covered with some small diamonds.(2008,陕西)

A. the hands of whom   B. whom the hands of   C. which the hands of   D. the hands of which  

句意:那人拽出来一块金表,表的指针是用小钻石做成的。分析:the hands of which=whose hands。选D。

2. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ____ she spoke fluently.(2011,湖南)

A. who   B. whom   C. which   D. that   分析:all of which。选C。

3. I was given three books on cooking, the first ____I really enjoyed.(2006.浙江)

A.of that    B.of which    C.that    D.which   分析:the first of which。选B。

  4. I have many friends, ____some are businessmen.(全国卷)

A. of them   B. from which   C. who of   D. of whom  

分析:作主语时,some of whom= of whom some。选D。

5. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.(2012,四川)

A. in whom   B. in them   C. of whom   D. of them  

分析:作主语时,half of whom=of whom half。选C。

 

. 当先行词是时间/地点/原因/方式时,如何确定引导词?

当先行词是“时间/地点/原因/方式”时,它的引导词有三种情况:①代词which/that,在定语从句中作主语/宾语/表语。②副词when/where/why,在定语从句中作状语。③介词+which,在定语从句中作状语。具体采用哪种引导词,得看引导词在从句所作成分。

根据第四节第一小节的“定语从句的先行词与引导词总表”,截取出下表:

先行词

引导词

代词

副词(性)

时间

which/that

when

介词+which

地点

which/that

where

介词+which

原因

which/that

why

for+which

方式

which/that

×

in+which

下边详细讲解此表。

1.先行词是“时间/地点/原因等”时,如果引导词在从句中作名词性成分(主语/宾语/表语)时,则用which(代词);如果引导词在从句中作副词性成分(状语)时,则用when/where/why(副词)。

如何判断引导词在定语从句中作宾语还是状语呢?当从句中的及物动词或介词后边没有宾语,则,引导词应该用代词。当从句中不缺主要成分(主语/宾语/表语),则,引导词应该用副词。(因为副词作状语是次要成分)

例句(先行词是时间)

I remember the day when we spent the holiday in the woods.(引导词作状语,用副词)

I remember the day (which) we spent in the woods.(引导词作宾语,用代词)

例句(先行词是地点)

This is the house where he lived.(live是不及物动词,不需要宾语)

This is the house which he visited.(visit是及物动词,需要宾语)

例句(先行词是原因(the reason))

I know the reason why he did it.(引导词作状语,用副词)

I know the reason which he explained at the meeting.(引导词作宾语,用代词)

例句(先行词是方式(the way))

The way which he explained was quite simple.(代词)

他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。(方法本身很简单)

The way (how×)/in which he explained the sentence was quite simple.(副词性引导词)

他向我们解释句子的那种方法很简单。(解释过程很简单)

(这组与前三组的唯一不同之处是:没有相应副词how。前三组也可以用“介词+which”。)