不定式的句法功能归纳
六、不定式做状语
不定式做状语,可表示动作的目的、结果、原因、条件和方式。
A. 表目的
表目的时,不定式可放在句子的前面也可放在句子的末尾。但在句子前面时,不定式常与句子用逗号隔开;而在句子末尾时一般不用逗号隔开。如:
To get there on time, we set out at five in the morning. 为了按时到达那儿,我们早晨五点就出发了。
He goes there to enjoy the fresh air. 他去那儿享受那儿的新鲜空气。
比较:to do, in order to do, so as to do都可表示目的,但to do, in order to do的位置既可在句首,又可在句末;而so as to do只能在句末(from www.hxen.net)。
In order to build a house, he bought some wood and steel yesterday. —He bought some wood and steel yesterday in order to build a house. / He bought some wood and steel yesterday so as to build a house. 为了建房,昨天他买来了木料和钢材。
B. 表结果
不定式在下列结构中表示谓语动作的结果,不定式的位置一般在句子末尾。
(1) 表示终结性的动词find, see, hear, learn, discover的不定式,常表示出乎意料的结果,并且,不定式前常有never, only等副词修饰。如:
I hurried to the railway station yesterday, (only) to find that the train had left. 昨天我急急忙忙赶到火车站时,发现火车已经开走了。
I went to the classroom, to discover it empty. 我走到教室,结果发现教室是空的。
(2) 在 “so + adj. / adv. + as + to do”中。如:
The scenery is so beautiful as to attract many people here every year. 景色非常美,每年都要吸引很多人来这里。
(3) 在 “adj. / adv. + enough + to do”中。如:
He ran fast enough to catch up with Li Lei. 他跑得很快,结果赶上了李蕾。
(4) 在 “so + adj. / adv. +a(n) + n. + as + to do”中。如:
This is so interesting a story as to interest children. 这是个很有趣的故事,使孩子们非常感兴趣。
(5) 在 “such + adj. / adv. + n. + as + to do”中。如:
She is such a good girl to help you make great progress. 她是个非常好的姑娘,帮助你取得了很大的进步。
(6) 在 “too + adj. / adv. + to do”中。如:
They went too slowly to catch the early bus. 他们走得太慢了,结果没能赶上早班车。
C. 表原因
不定式表示原因时,一般放在句子的末尾,说明主语某种心情、情感(glad, pleased, sad, worried, sorrow, excited) 所产生的原因。如:
I’m very glad to hear that Li Lei has been elected secretary of the Party. 听说李蕾被选为了党的书记,我很高兴。
D. 表条件
不定式表示条件时,一般放在句首。如:
To be heated, liquid will change into gas. 如果受热,液体就会变成气体。
E. 表方式
不定式可接在as if / as though之后表示方式时,如(from www.hxen.net):
He moved his mouth as if to say something. 他的嘴唇动了动,好像要说什么事似的。
七、不定式做同位语
不定式可用作同位语,说明某些名词或代词task, idea, thought的内容。不定式做同位语时,在名词或代词与不定式之间常用逗号隔开。如:
Suddenly I have got the idea, to hunt rabbits in the woods. 突然,我有了这个想法,去林子里去猎取野兔子。
八、不定式做独立成分
To tell you the truth, I don’t like it. 告诉你实话,我不喜欢它。
- 上一篇
- 下一篇