重点中学英语语法讲义-定语从句

2. 将定语从句转化为分词短语

有时为了简洁起见可将定语从句转化为分词短语作定语：

Who’s the girl who is sitting beisde Jim? / Who’s the girl sitting beside Jim? 坐在吉姆旁边的女孩是谁？

Most of the people who were invited to the party were teachers. / Most of the people invited to the party were teachers. 应邀参加晚会大多数是教师。

Anyone who touches that wire will get a shock. / Anyone touching that wire will get a shock.任何人触到那根电线都会遭到电击。

注意，并非所有的定语从句都能转换成分词短语，比如那些不能后置定语的分词短语就不能与定语从句进行转换：

误：This is the boy being from the country. (being引出的分词短语通常不用定语，除非它是构成被动语态的助动词)

正：This is the boy who is from the country. 这是来自乡下的那个男孩。

误：We caught the thief having stolen the car. (现在分词完成式不用作定语，即使换成一般式也不对，因为现在分词短语作定语时它不能先于谓语动作之前发生)

正：We caught the thief having stolen the car. 我们抓住了偷汽车的小偷。

六、应考定语从句的几个易错点：

1. 混淆定语从句与并列句

请看下面两题：

(1) He has two children, and both of _____ are abroad.

A. them                    B. which                   C. whom                   D. who

(2) He has two children, both of _____ are abroad.

A. them                    B. which                   C. whom                   D. who

第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。

2. 混淆定语从句与表语(从句)

请看下面的试题：

(1) Your coat is still _____ you left it.

A. where                   B. there                    C. there where           D. the place where

答案选A，where引导的是表语从句(=在…的地方)，而不是定语从句。

(2) Is this school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where                   B. what                     C. that                      D. the one

答案选D，this school为句子主语，the one 为表语，your father worked in…为定语从句。不要误认为this是句子主语，否则school前应加冠词the。比较：

Is this the school _____ your father worked in ten years ago?

A. where                   B. what                     C. that                      D. the one  (选C)

Is this the school _____ your father worked ten years ago?

A. where                   B. what                     C. that                      D. the one  (选A)

3. 混淆定语从句与状语从句

请看下面的试题：

(1) I went upstairs ______I heard some crying.

A. where                   B. when                    C. that                      D. which

答案是B而不是A，when的意思是“当…的时候”，引导的是时间状语从句。(upstairs为副词，不宜用作先行词)

(2) He is _____ a clever boy _____ we all like.

A. such, that              B. such, as                C. so, that                 D. so, as

答案应选B，而不是A。such … that …(如此…以致…)用于引导结果状语从句，其中的that不充当句子成分，而such…as…中的as为关系代词，用以引导定语从句并在定语从句充当句子成分。上句中第二空之所以选as，是因为它用作动词like宾语。

4. 误加与关系代词同义的人称代词

误：He is a man everyone respects him.(www.hxen.net)

正：He is a man everyone respects. 他是一个人人都敬重的人。