重点中学英语语法讲义-定语从句

5. 混淆关系代词与关系副词

有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：

This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)

This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)

The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)

The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)

6. 因逗号误判which

有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句：

(1) If a book is in English, _____ means slow progress for you.

A. as                        B. which                   C. what                     D. that

(2) When I say two hours, _____ includes time for eating.

A. as                        B. which                   C. what                     D. that

以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。

7. 混淆which与whose

两者在定语从句中都可用作定语，区别是：whose 的意思相当于 one’s，而 which 的意思则相当于 that 或 this。比较：

(1) This is Mary, whose [= and her] father we met last week.

(2) Call again at 11, by which time [= and by that time] the meeting should be over.

七、重点考点原创精练

1. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ translated into foreign languages.

A. it                         B. them                    C. which                   D. that

2. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                         B. them                    C. which                   D. that

3. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _____ were translated into foreign languages.

A. it                         B. them                    C. which                   D. that

4. Mr Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.

A. such, that              B. such, as                C. so, that                 D. so, as

5. She may have missed the train, in _______ case she won’t arrive for another hour.

A. whose                  B. that                      C. which                   D. what 

6. If he’s only interested in your looks, _____ just shows how shallow he is.

A. as                        B. which                   C. what                     D. that

7. It was in the small house _____ was built with stones by his father _____ he spent his childhood.

A. which, that           B. that, which            C. which, which        D. that, where 

8. I believe the time will soon come ______ there will be no weapons in the world.

A. since                    B. that                      C. where                   D. when 

9. The meeting was put off, _____, of course, was exactly what we wanted. n)

A. who                     B. which                   C. this                      D. what  

10. The train, _____ takes only two hours to get there, is quicker than the bus, _____ takes three.

A. which, it               B. it, which               C. which, which        D. it, it   

11. Mr Smith has bought a little house in the country, around _____ some green trees.

A. which is               B. it is                      C. which are              D. them are  

12. He is always really rude, ______ is why people tend to avoid him.

A. that                      B. it                         C. this                      D. which

13. The crisis has reached a point ______ the receiver will have to be called in.

A. when                    B. where                   C. that                      D. who   

14. In 1980 he caught a serious illness from _____ efforts he still suffers.

A. which                   B. that                      C. whose                   D. what 

15. I’m looking for a new job, one _____ I get a bit more job satisfaction.

A. when                    B. where                   C. that                      D. which 

16. They found a strange book, parts of _____ were difficult to understand.

A. that                      B. which                   C. what                     D. this 

17. What have you got _____ will help a cold?(www.hxen.net)

A. what                    B. that                      C. it                         D. who  

18. Is there a shop around ______ we can buy some toilet articles?

A. that                      B. which                   C. where                   D. what

19. Unless I’m very much mistaken, ______ is my watch you’re wearing!

A. as                        B. which                   C. what                     D. that

参考答案：

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